Ch. 14 & 15 Extra Study Stuff

Question 1

____ is an association between two or more species.

Answer 1

Symbiosis

Question 2

____ is when both members of the association benefit from the relationship

Answer 2

Mutualism

Question 3

____ is when only one organism benefits from the relationship

Answer 3

Parasitism

Question 4

____ is any organism that harbors another organism

Answer 4

Host

Question 5

____ is a parasite capable of causing disease in a host

Answer 5

Pathogen

Question 6

____ is two species living to ether in a relationship such that one benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed.

Answer 6

Commensalism

Question 7

Transposal of virulence and attenuation are two techniques that are useful in the production of ____.

Answer 7

Vaccines

Question 8

The best descriptive term for resident microflora is ____.

Answer 8

Mutualists

Question 9

Adhesive pili, enzymes that aid in evasion of host defenses, enzymes that aid in direct protection of microbe from host defenses, and toxins are all ____.

Answer 9

Virulence Factors

Question 10

An example of a latent disease is ____.

Answer 10

Chicken pox / Shingles

Question 11

The presence of a few, non multiplying, bacteria in the blood is termed ____.

Answer 11

Bacteremia

Question 12

A laboratory bench with bacteria spilled on it could be correctly referred to as what?

Answer 12

Contaminated

Question 13

The presence of S. epidermis on healthy skin helps to prevent pathogenic bacteria from colonizing and causing disease. This is an example of ____.

Answer 13

Microbial antagonism

Question 14

A positive antibody test for HIV would be a ____ of disease.

Answer 14

Sign

Question 15

Botulinum toxin is an example of ____.

Answer 15

Exotoxin

Question 16

Latent viral infections are brought under control by the use of drugs. True or false?

Answer 16

False

Question 17

____ is the study of factors and mechanisms in the spread of diseases in a population.

Answer 17

Epidemiology

Question 18

____ describes persons in a population who become clinically ill during a specified period of time

Answer 18

Morbidity rate

Question 19

____ describes the total number of sick individuals in a population at a particular time

Answer 19

Prevalence rate

Question 20

____ describes the number of new cases of a disease identified in a population during a defined period of time.

Answer 20

Incidence rate

Question 21

____ describes the number of deaths within a population during a specified period of time.

Answer 21

Mortality rate

Question 22

Because most pathogens cannot survive for extended periods of time outside the body, they must persist within ____ in order to maintain their ability to infect humans.

Answer 22

Reservoirs of infection

Question 23

Salmonella typhi has the ability to persist within the gallbladder of humans while causing no clinical symptoms. The infected individual is still contagious, however, and would be considered _____.

Answer 23

A carrier

Question 24

A disease in which a person contacts rabies virus after interaction with an infected raccoon would be known as a ____ disease.

Answer 24

Zoonotic

Question 25

Fomites

Answer 25

Indirect contact

Question 26

Bar soap

Answer 26

Indirect contact

Question 27

Kissing

Answer 27

Horizontal

Question 28

Speaking

Answer 28

Droplet

Question 29

Hand shaking

Answer 29

Horizontal

Question 30

Food

Answer 30

Vehicle

Question 31

Housefly

Answer 31

Mechanical vector

Question 32

Mother breast-feeding infant

Answer 32

Vertical

Question 33

Anopheles mosquito

Answer 33

Biological vector

Question 34

Stepping on a rusty nail

Answer 34

Indirect contact

Question 35

Diseases that are potentially harmful to the public’s health and must be reported by physicians are called ____.

Answer 35

Notifiable diseases

Question 36

Hospital-acquired infections are called ____.

Answer 36

Nosocomial infections