Ch. 14 & 15 Extra Study Stuff Flashcards
____ is an association between two or more species.
Symbiosis
____ is when both members of the association benefit from the relationship
Mutualism
____ is when only one organism benefits from the relationship
Parasitism
____ is any organism that harbors another organism
Host
____ is a parasite capable of causing disease in a host
Pathogen
____ is two species living to ether in a relationship such that one benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed.
Commensalism
Transposal of virulence and attenuation are two techniques that are useful in the production of ____.
Vaccines
The best descriptive term for resident microflora is ____.
Mutualists
Adhesive pili, enzymes that aid in evasion of host defenses, enzymes that aid in direct protection of microbe from host defenses, and toxins are all ____.
Virulence Factors
An example of a latent disease is ____.
Chicken pox / Shingles
The presence of a few, non multiplying, bacteria in the blood is termed ____.
Bacteremia
A laboratory bench with bacteria spilled on it could be correctly referred to as what?
Contaminated
The presence of S. epidermis on healthy skin helps to prevent pathogenic bacteria from colonizing and causing disease. This is an example of ____.
Microbial antagonism
A positive antibody test for HIV would be a ____ of disease.
Sign
Botulinum toxin is an example of ____.
Exotoxin
Latent viral infections are brought under control by the use of drugs. True or false?
False
____ is the study of factors and mechanisms in the spread of diseases in a population.
Epidemiology
____ describes persons in a population who become clinically ill during a specified period of time
Morbidity rate
____ describes the total number of sick individuals in a population at a particular time
Prevalence rate
____ describes the number of new cases of a disease identified in a population during a defined period of time.
Incidence rate
____ describes the number of deaths within a population during a specified period of time.
Mortality rate
Because most pathogens cannot survive for extended periods of time outside the body, they must persist within ____ in order to maintain their ability to infect humans.
Reservoirs of infection
Salmonella typhi has the ability to persist within the gallbladder of humans while causing no clinical symptoms. The infected individual is still contagious, however, and would be considered _____.
A carrier
A disease in which a person contacts rabies virus after interaction with an infected raccoon would be known as a ____ disease.
Zoonotic
Fomites
Indirect contact
Bar soap
Indirect contact
Kissing
Horizontal
Speaking
Droplet
Hand shaking
Horizontal
Food
Vehicle
Housefly
Mechanical vector
Mother breast-feeding infant
Vertical
Anopheles mosquito
Biological vector
Stepping on a rusty nail
Indirect contact
Diseases that are potentially harmful to the public’s health and must be reported by physicians are called ____.
Notifiable diseases
Hospital-acquired infections are called ____.
Nosocomial infections
