Exam 1 Flashcards
PRR for motile bacteria
TLR5
PRR for dsRNA
TLR3
PRR for soluble teichoic/lipoteichoic proteins
c-reactive protein
PRR for foreign products in cytoplasm
NOD-like
PRR for surface lipoprotein
TLR1/TLR2
PRR for LPS
TLR4
steps of infection
exposure
adherence
invasion
multiplication
Swine flu
pathogen
year
consequence
orthomyxovirus H1N1
1976
rushed & tainted vaccine
Legionnaire’s
pathogen
year
consequence
Legionella pneumophila
1976
CDC believed it was virus, ignored bacteria
AIDS
outbreak
earliest incidence
1981
1920
pathogenic E. coli strain
O157:H7
3 food/waterborne diseases
Salmonella typhi
M. tuberculosis bovis
Clostridium botulinum
endophytic
example
inside plants
E. coli
lung infections from contaminated mouthwash
Burkholderia cepacia
wound/burn victims
cystic fibrosis patients
blue-green
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Iraq war vet infection
uses HGT
Acinetobacterium baumannii
monitored by FoodNet
Campylobacter jejuni
monitors selected points in food production
Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Point program
vaginosis
shift from normal Lactobacillus to GN anaerobes
8 skin defenses
dry, acidic environment
cooler than internal body
keratinized cells
desquamation (shedding cells)
sebum containing harmful compounds
commensals
SALT with WBCs
tight junctions
skin commensals are mainly G__
GP
WBCs present in dermis
Langerhans
Staph epidermidis on skin prevents…
colonization by Staph aureus
4 mucosal defenses
mucus
defensins
antibodies
MALT
protectants present in mucus
lysozyme
sIgA
lactoferrin
phospholipase A2
blackhead cause
sebum colonized by Propionibacterium acnes
whitehead cause
neutrophil activity
can survive for short periods in stomach lining, pH 4
E. coli
Salmonella
Campylobacter
major commensal in small intestine
Lactobacilli
major commensal in large intestine
Bacteroides
Complements ___ and ____ directs neutrophils to site of infection in extracellular matrix
C3a
C5a
cause of bubonic plague
Yersinia pestis
c-reactive protein –> _______ pathway
classical
nodosome and inflammasome lead to ___________ of cell, which…
disintegration
releases more cytokines
steps of a signalling cascade
Binding event
Assembly of signaling complex
Production of signal molecule (usually through phosphorylation)
Activation of transcription factor
lysosome contents
antimicrobial peptides
membrane permeabilizing proteins
proteases
phospholipases
lysozyme
defensins
nitric oxide (NO) in very trace amounts
2 attacks in lysosome
macromolecule attack
oxygen attack
oxygen attack reactions
superoxide
H2O2
HOCl
Fenton reaction
cat + organism
staph
Fenton reaction gives _______, which can…
hydroxide radical
attack DNA
organisms that can live in phagosome or escape
M. tuberculosis/leprae
Salmonella
Rickettsia
used to fight organisms that persist in phagosome
autophagosome
4 cardinal signs
rubor – redness
tumor – swelling
calor – heat
dolor – pain
5 main actions of complement
opsonization
chemotaxis
inflammation
agglutination
MAC
C5 – C5a + C5b – C6 + C7 – C8 – C9
MAC
__________ are GN bacteria can resist the MAC
serum-resistant
deficiency of MAC proteins increases susceptibility to
Neisseria
C1 + IgG – C1r + C1s – C2 + C4 – C3b coating – C5 and MAC
classical pathway
MBL – C2 + C4 – C2aC4b – C3b fragments – C4bC2aC3b – C5 and MAC
lectin pathway
4 stages of septic shock
SIRS
sepsis
severe sepsis
septic shock
main problem with septic shock
widespread vasodilation
specific major complication of septic shock
DIC