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Anatomy > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Joint mobility vs stability

A

mobility - unstable
immobile - stable

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2
Q

most mobile joint

A

shoulder

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3
Q

most immobile

A

suture

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4
Q

synarthrosis joint

A

immovable

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5
Q

amphiarthrosis joint

A

slightly movable

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6
Q

diarthrosis joint

A

freely movable

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7
Q

fibrous joint

A

connected by fibrous tissue

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8
Q

cartilaginous joint

A

connected by cartilage

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9
Q

synovial joint

A

contains a fluid filled joint cavity

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10
Q

structure of diarthrosis

A

synovial joint

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11
Q

structure of synarthrosis and amphiarthrosis

A

fibrous, cartilaginous

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12
Q

three types of fibrous joints

A

suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis

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13
Q

suture

A

synarthrotic

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14
Q

gomphosis

A

synarthrotic
peg in socket joint
tooth in gums

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15
Q

syndesmosis

A

amphiarthrotic
bone more widely separated - held by connective tissue
tibia/fibula + ulna/radius

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16
Q

types of cartilaginous joints

A

synchondroses, symphyses

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17
Q

synchondroses

A

synarthrotic
joined by hyaline cartilage
rib and manubrium

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18
Q

symphyses

A

amphiarthrotic
connected by fibrocartilage
between vertebrae

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19
Q

synovial joint

A

diarthrotic
knee

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20
Q

articular disc

A

fibrocartilage structure between articulating bone - temporomandiubular joint

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21
Q

bursa

A

connective tissue sac filled with lubricating fluid
padding between joint - protect tendon from underlying bone

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22
Q

tendon sheath

A

surround muscle tendon where tendon crosses joint
hold from popping out

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23
Q

menisci

A

padding of the joint
large c shape

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24
Q

muscle

A

stabilize the joint

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25
Q

pivot joint

A

rounded portion enclosed with ring
rotation around ring
atlas, axis vertebrae

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26
Q

hinge joint

A

end of one bone, concave other
bend and straighten along single axis
trochlear notch, humerus, knee, ankle, finger, toe

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27
Q

condyloid joint

A

shallow depression with round structure
knuckle, hand
bend, side to side movement

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28
Q

saddle joint

A

both have saddle shape
rider on saddle
thumb, sternoclavicular joint

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29
Q

plane joint

A

flat or slightly curve on both bones
small, tightly constrained
carpal bones, clavicle + acromion

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30
Q

ball and socket

A

round head, concave
hip and shoulder

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31
Q

ACL

A

restrict anterior displacement of tibia on femur

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32
Q

PCL

A

restrict posterior displacement of tibia on femur

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33
Q

LCL

A

prevent varus (outside) force on knee joint

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34
Q

MCL

A

prevent valgus (inside) force on knee joint

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35
Q

meniscus

A

shock absorption

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36
Q

patellar tendon

A

patella to tibia connection

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37
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of bursa
blow or friction

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38
Q

tendonitis

A

inflammation of tendon or tendon sheath due to overuse

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39
Q

sprain

A

joint reinforcing ligaments are stretched or torn

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40
Q

dislocation

A

bones force out of alignment

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41
Q

torn cartilage

A

tearing of meniscus or articular cartilage is repaired with surgery

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42
Q

arthritis

A

inflammatory or degenerative disease that damage joints

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43
Q

osteoarthritis

A

chronic degenerative condition, wear and tear of articular cartilage

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44
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune disease, chronic inflammatory disorder

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45
Q

finger (interphalangeal)

A

synovial, hinge, diarthosis

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46
Q

knuckle (metacarpophalangeal)

A

synovial, condyloid, diarthosis

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47
Q

knee (tibiofemoral)

A

synovial, hinge, diarthosis

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48
Q

axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage

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49
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

pectoral girdle, upper limb, pelvic girdle, lower limb

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50
Q

skull

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal, nasal, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible

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51
Q

cranial fossae

A

anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, posterior cranial fossa

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52
Q

coronal suture

A

straight across on crown

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53
Q

lambdoid suture

A

back suture

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54
Q

sagital suture

A

middle split left and right

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55
Q

squamous suture

A

over temporal bone

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56
Q

fontanelle

A

soft spot on infants head
disappears by age 2

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57
Q

anterior fontanelle

A

right on top - coronal and parietal suture

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58
Q

sphenoid fontanelle

A

by frontal and temporal bone

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59
Q

mastoid fontanelle

A

temporal and occipital

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60
Q

posterior fontanelle

A

occipital and parietal

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61
Q

Ethmoid sinus

A

under cribriform plate

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62
Q

frontal sinus

A

above eyebrows

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63
Q

maxillary sinus

A

within maxillary bone

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64
Q

sphenoid sinus

A

midline sinus

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65
Q

sinus functions (4)

A

make skull lighter
resonate sound
lined with mucous membrane
mucus drains into nasal cavity warms and humidifies the air

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66
Q

four vertebral curvatures from superior to inferior

A

cervical curvature - concave posterior
thoracic curvature - concave anterior
lumbar curvature - concave posterior
sacral curvature - concave anterior

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67
Q

regions of the vertebrae

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

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68
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

7

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69
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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70
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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71
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curvature, twisting of vertebrae (s)

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72
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament

A

anterior side
resist excess backward bending

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73
Q

supraspinous ligament

A

posterior side
support vertebral column during bending

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74
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament

A

anterior to spinal cord
support vertebral column bending forward

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75
Q

ligamentum flavus

A

posterior to spinal cord
support vertebral column bending forward

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76
Q

anulus fibrosus

A

tough outer layer of the disc

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77
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

gel- like material on inside

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78
Q

herniated disc

A

nucleus pulposus protrudes through anulus fibrosis

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79
Q

most common place for herniate disc

A

between L3 and L4

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80
Q

true ribs

A

1-7

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81
Q

false ribs

A

8-12

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82
Q

floating ribs

A

11-12

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83
Q

pectoral girdle

A

clavicle and scapula
bones are light and thin
connect to axial skeleton at sternoclavicular joint - highly moveable

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84
Q

upper limb

A

humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

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85
Q

how many carpals in hand

A

8

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86
Q

how many metacarpals in hand

A

5

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87
Q

how many phalanges in hand

A

14

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88
Q

pelvic girdle

A

os coxae
bones heavy and thick
axial skeleton at sacroiliac joint

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89
Q

lower limb

A

femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, meta tarsals, phalanges

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90
Q

how many tarsals in foot

A

7

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91
Q

how many metatarsals in foot

A

5

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92
Q

how many phalanges in foot

A

14

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93
Q

characteristics of cartilage

A

semirigid, weaker than bone
flexible yet resilient - elastic fibers
avascular -no blood vessels
nutrients through diffusion

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94
Q

functions of cartilage

A

support soft tissue
articular surface for joints
mode for endochondral bone formation

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95
Q

condroblast

A

cells that produce cartilage matrix

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96
Q

chondrocyte

A

mature cartilage cells that reside in lacunae

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97
Q

extracellular matrix

A

protein fibers embedded in gel like ground substance

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98
Q

perichondrium

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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99
Q

structure of cartilage superior to inferior

A

perichondrium
chondroblast
chondrocyte
extracellular matrix

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100
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

flexible but resilient

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101
Q

where is hyaline cartilage?

A

larynx
trachea
bronchi
costal cartilage
nose
articular cartilage
epiphyseal plate
fetal skeleton

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102
Q

fibrocartilage

A

thick collagen fibers
shock absorber

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103
Q

where is fibrocartilage

A

intervertebral disc
pubic symphysis
menisci
articular disc of jaw

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104
Q

elastic cartilage

A

contain elastic fibers
provides flexibility

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105
Q

where is elastic cartilage

A

epiglottis and external ear
least abundant

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106
Q

Bone matrix

A

osseous connective tissue

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107
Q

bone cell

A

osteocytes

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108
Q

bone matrix organic

A

osteoid - collagen and other proteins

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109
Q

bone matrix inorganic

A

hydroxyapatite - calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide

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110
Q

functions of bone

A

support body - framework
protect vital organs
facilitate movement
hematopoiesis - red bone marrow
mineral and energy storage

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111
Q

long bone

A

longer than wide
function - lever, move when muscles contract

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112
Q

short bone

A

cube shape
functions - stability and support
limited motion

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113
Q

flat bone

A

thin, or curved
point of attachment
protect internal organs

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114
Q

irregular bone

A

not easily characterized
vertebrae - support spinal cord, compressive force support

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115
Q

sesamoid bone

A

small round bone, form in tendons
feet, hand knee
patella only universal one

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116
Q

long bone example

A

humerus, femur, tibia, metatarsals

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117
Q

short bone example

A

carpal, tarsal

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118
Q

flat bone example

A

skull, scapulae, sternum, rib

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119
Q

irregular bone example

A

vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, os coxae, ethmoid, sphenoid

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120
Q

sesamoid bone

A

patella, small bones in tendons

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121
Q

articular cartilage

A

cover epiphyses
reduce friction, shock absorber

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122
Q

apophysis

A

bony outgrowth - attachment site for ligament/ tendon

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123
Q

metaphysis

A

where epiphysis meets the diaphysis

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124
Q

spongy bone

A

fills epiphysis

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125
Q

endosteum

A

membranous lining
growth, repair, remodeling occur

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126
Q

compact bone

A

walls of diaphysis

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127
Q

diaphysis

A

tubular shaft

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128
Q

periosteum

A

outer surface of bone

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129
Q

medullary cavity

A

hollow region filled with yellow marrow

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130
Q

epiphyseal line

A

bone stops growing cartilage replaced by osseous tissue and plate is epiphyseal line

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131
Q

distal epiphysis

A

wide section at end of bone filled with spongy bone

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132
Q

compact/cortical bone

A

lined by periosteum
composed of osteons

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133
Q

spongy/ cancellous bone

A

lined by endosteum
composed of trabeculae
red bone marrow

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134
Q

flat bone structure

A

periosteum, compact, spongy, compact, periosteum

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135
Q

osteocyte

A

maintains bone tissue

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136
Q

osteoblast

A

forms bone matrix - build and maintain bone

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137
Q

osteogenic cell

A

stem cell

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138
Q

osteoclast

A

resorb bone - break down bone

139
Q

blood nerve and supply of bone

A

bone vascularized and innervated
nutrient blood vessels and nerves enter through nutrient foramina

140
Q

Osteon

A

mechanical support – resist force

141
Q

Lamellae

A

mechanical support and distribute stress

142
Q

Central canal

A

transport blood vessels and nerves

143
Q

Osteocyte

A

maintain bone tissue

144
Q

Lacunae

A

house osteocytes

145
Q

Canaliculi

A

facilitate nutrient and waste exchange

146
Q

Perforating canal

A

transport blood vessels and nerves

147
Q

compact bone system

A

nutrients to be transported to the osteocytes and wastes to be removed from them

148
Q

bone remodeling

A

trabecular in spongy bone undergo remodeling in response to line of stress to provide strength to bone
osteoblast and osteoclast are responsible for trabecular remodeling

149
Q

cells involved in remodeling

A

osteons, trabeculae, osteoclasts, endosteum, osteoblasts

150
Q

intramembranous ossification

A

bone growth within a membrane
flat bones of skull, facial bones, mandible, clavicle

151
Q

endochondral ossification

A

bone replaces hyaline cartilage
takes longer
femur, tibia, fibula

152
Q

intramembranous ossification steps

A
  1. ossification centers form within thickened regions of mesenchyme
  2. secreted osteoid traps osteoblast - become osteocyte, osteoid undergoes calcification
  3. trabecular matrix and periosteum form
  4. compact bone develops superficial to trabecular bone
153
Q

endochondral ossification steps

A
  1. primary ossification center forms in diaphysis
  2. secondary ossification center from in epiphyses
  3. bone replaces cartilage, except articular cartilage and epiphyseal plates
154
Q

length growth

A

interstitial growth
at epiphyseal plate

155
Q

width growth

A

appositional growth
periosteum and endosteum

156
Q

osteomalacia (rickets)

A

lack of mineralization of bone results in low bone density
caused by vitamin D or calcium deficiency
called rickets in children
bowed legs - soft and weak

157
Q

osteoporosis

A

excessive bone resorption
aged and post menopause
decrease bone mass

158
Q

largest body organ

A

skin

159
Q

layers of skin

A

epidermis and dermis

160
Q

size and thickness of skin

A

a. 1.5-2 m2 of skin
b. thickness is 1.5-4 mm

161
Q

integument functions

A

protection
prevent dehydration
sensation
temperature regulation
vitamin d synthesis

162
Q

accessory structures of integumentary system

A
  • Hair
  • Nails
  • Skin
  • Sweat glands
  • Sebaceous glands
163
Q

epidermis

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

164
Q

dermis

A

connective tissue - houses blood vessels, hair sweat

165
Q

hypodermis

A

directly below dermis, connect skin to fascia

166
Q

layers of integument

A

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

167
Q

Stratum corneum

A

superficial, shed periodically replaced by granulosum pushing up – replaced every 4 weeks

168
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

thick skin in palms and soles – dead and flat keratinocyte

169
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

flatter, generate protein keratin

170
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

epidermal dendritic cells
join cells via desmosome

171
Q

Stratum basale

A

melanocytes and tactile - Merkel cells
deepest layer, bond to dermis

172
Q

skin layers superficial to deep

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum - hand and feet only
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

173
Q

hemoglobin

A

cause pink hue
oxygen binding protein found in blood

174
Q

melanin

A

produced by melanocytes

174
Q

melanin

A

produced by melanocytes

175
Q

papillary layer

A

areolar connective tissue

176
Q

reticular layer

A

dense irregular connective tissue

177
Q

dermis

A

papillary on top - closer together
reticular on bottom - spread out
vascular
innervated

178
Q

hypodermis structure

A

areolar and adipose connective tissue
not part of integument

179
Q

hypodermis function

A

anchor skin to underlying structure
thermal insulation
energy reservoir

180
Q

tissue in hypodermis

A

subcutaneous tissue

181
Q

tissue in epidermis

A

stratified squamous epithelium

182
Q

nail structure

A

free edge
nail bed
lunula
cuticle
proximal nail fold

183
Q

nail function

A

scale-like modification of epidermis
contain hard keratin

184
Q

hair shaft layer

A

medulla,
cortex,
cuticle
deep to superficial

185
Q

hair structure

A

hair shaft - sticks out
hair root
hair follicle
hair bulb

186
Q

what is hair composed of

A

hard keratin

187
Q

lanugo

A

fetal hair
falls off after birth

188
Q

vellus hair

A

fine hair on most of body

189
Q

terminal hair

A

head, armpit, pubic, Male facial

190
Q

hair functions

A

protection, sensation, reduce heat loss

191
Q

growth cycle

A

anagen phase
catagen phase
telogen phase
repeat

192
Q

anagen phase

A

hair actively grows
2-7 years

193
Q

catagen phase

A

transition phase - follicle shrinks
2-3 weeks

194
Q

telogen phase

A

follicle inactive
stop growing and is shed
2-4 months

195
Q

sebaceous glands

A

produce sebum
oil in skin

196
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

eccrine glands produce watery sweat all over body

197
Q

apocrine glands

A

viscous sweat in armpit, nipple, anal, genital

198
Q

acne

A

rich in sebaceous glands - face and back

199
Q

first degree burn

A

damage epidermis

200
Q

second degree burn

A

damage epidermis and part of dermis

201
Q

third degree burn

A

damage entire epidermis and dermis

202
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

most common skin cancer
least dangerous
originate inh stratum basale

203
Q

malignant melanoma

A

most deadly
melanocytes - mole
early detection is crucial

204
Q

nevus

A

mole or birthmark
overgrowth of melanin - forming cells
harmless unless it mutates and becomes malignant

205
Q

freckles

A

yellow or brow spots from excessive melanocyte activity, not increased melanocyte

206
Q

scarring

A

damaged skin replaced by fibrous tissue - collagen produced by fibroblasts

207
Q

wrinkles

A

loss of collagen and elastic fiber
decreased thickness of dermis
skin less springy

208
Q

characteristic of cell

A

organisms formed in cells
create tissue and organs
completes cell division to replicate

209
Q

functions of the cell

A

form layers
storage
movement
connections
protection
communication
reproduction

210
Q

four tissue types

A

nervous
epithelial
muscle
connective

211
Q

nervous tissue

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves

212
Q

muscle tissue

A

cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle

213
Q

epithelial tissue

A

lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs - skin surface

214
Q

connective tissue

A

fat and other soft padding tissue
bone
tendon

215
Q

epithelial tissue characteristics

A

cellular, minimal extracellular matrix
polarity - spiral and basal surface
attach to basement membrane
avascular
regeneration - high regenerative capacity

216
Q

epithelial function

A

physical protection
selective permeability
secretion

217
Q

tight junctions

A

seal cells together, materials can’t slip between

218
Q

gap junctions

A

intercellular passage between membrane of adjacent cells to facilitate movement of small molecules

219
Q

anchoring junctions

A

strong flexible connection
- desmosomes
hemidesmosomes
adherens

220
Q

pre-embryonic period

A

weeks 1-2

221
Q

embryonic period

A

weeks 3-8

222
Q

fetal period

A

weeks 9-38

223
Q

inner cell mass destination

A

embryo

224
Q

trophoblast destination

A

placenta

225
Q

anatomy

A

scientific study of body’s structure

226
Q

physiology

A

function - chemistry and physics of body

227
Q

gross anantomy

A

study of larger structures - visible w/o magnification

228
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

study of structures which are only seen with magnification device

229
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

230
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

231
Q

levels of body organization

A

atom
molecule
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism

232
Q

atom

A

smallest unit of substance
hydrogen atom

233
Q

molecule

A

2 or more atoms
water molecule

234
Q

cell

A

smaller independently functioning unit of living organism
smooth muscle cell

235
Q

tissue

A

group of many similar cells
smooth muscle tissue

236
Q

organ

A

distinct struct of body composed of 2 or more tissue types
bladder

237
Q

organ system

A

group of organisms working together to perform major functions
urinary tract system

238
Q

organism

A

highest level of organization - living being with cellular structure
human

239
Q

integumentary system

A

encloses internal body structures
site of many sensory receptors
hair, skin, nail

240
Q

skeletal system

A

support the body
enable movement w/muscular system
cartilage, bone, joint

241
Q

muscular system

A

enable movement w/skeletal system
maintain body temp
muscle and tendon

242
Q

nervous system

A

detect and processes sensory info
activate bodily response
brain, spinal cord, nerve

243
Q

endocrine system

A

secretes hormone
regulate bodily process
pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal gland, testes, ovaries

244
Q

male reproductive system

A

produce sex hormone and gamete
deliver gamete to female
epididymis and testes

245
Q

cardiovascular system

A

deliver oxygen and nutrient to tissue
equalize temp in body
heart and blood vessels

246
Q

respiratory system

A

remove carbon dioxide from body
deliver oxygen to blood
nasal cavity, trachea, lungs

247
Q

lymphatic system

A

return fluid to blood
defend against pathogens
thymus, lymph node, spleen, lymphatic vessels

248
Q

digestive system

A

processes food for use by the body
remove waste from undigested food
stomach, liver, gallbladder, intestines

249
Q

urinary system

A

control water balance in body
remove waster from blood
kidney, urinary bladder

250
Q

female reproductive system

A

produce sex hormone and gamete
support embryo/fetus until birth
produce milk for infant
mammary gland, ovaries, uterus

251
Q

anterior

A

ventral

252
Q

posterior

A

dorsal

253
Q

superior

A

rostral

254
Q

cranial

A

cephalic - toward head

255
Q

inferior

A

caudal

256
Q

types of tissue membrane

A

mucous
serous
cutaneous
synovial

257
Q

mucous membrane

A

line digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive tract

258
Q

serous membrane

A

line body cavities closed to exterior of body
peritoneal
pleural
pericardial cavities

259
Q

cutaneous membrane

A

skin (cute)

260
Q

synovial membrane

A

line joint cavities and produce fluid within joint

261
Q

serous membrane

A

visceral and parietal layer
parietal on outside
visceral closer to organ

262
Q

pre embryonic period of development

A

oocyte ovulated from ovary
sperm enters oocyte and fertilization occurs
fertilized egg called zygote
zygote continue toward uterus
zygote undergoes cell division (cleavage)
morula: mass contains 16 cells
cell secretes fluid and organizes around blastocoel
referred to as blastocyst
group of cells form to inner cell mass - embryo
trophoblast - outer shell that becomes placenta

263
Q

where does pregnancy begin

A

fertilization

264
Q

implantation

A

end of pre-embyonic period

265
Q

successful implantation

A

superficial cells of trophoblast fuse with each other to create syncytiotrophoblast

266
Q

trophoblast anatomy

A

cytotrophoblast
syncytiotrophoblast

267
Q

trophoblast functions

A

burrows into uterine lining during implantation
build chorion that surrounds embryo and fetus
help form placenta

268
Q

what layer becomes embryo

A

epiblast

269
Q

cytotrophoblast

A

cells that remain as individual cells

270
Q

what occurs during the fetal period

A

growth and maturation of existing organs

271
Q

organogenesis

A

organ development follows gastrulation and body folding
upper and lower limbs form
rudimentary organ systems have developed by week 8
embryo one inch long by week 8

272
Q

neurulation

A

Mesoderm notochord induces ectoderm cells to thicken and become neural plate
Tissue on either side of plate fold upward producing a neural groove
Two folds become neural tube
Block structure form on either side of tube – axial and skeletal muscle, and dermis
Neural tube becomes brain (cephalic) and spinal cord (caudal)
Surface ectoderm become the epithelium

273
Q

transverse folding

A

fold inward

274
Q

cephalocaudal folding

A

head and tail folding

275
Q

ectoderm

A

nervous system and skin
top layer

276
Q

mesoderm

A

muscular and skeletal system, kidney, heart
middle

277
Q

endoderm

A

respiratory system, digestive system
bottom layer

278
Q

gastrulation

A

o Embryo creates indentation
o Cells migrate down
o Two layers turns into 3 layers

279
Q

primitive streak

A

indentation

280
Q

embryonic period

A

primitive streak
gastrulation
body folding
neurulation
limb buds form
organogenesis

281
Q

bilaminar disc

A

epiblast
hypoblast

282
Q

scurvy

A

nutritional disorder
vitamin c deficiency
collagen fibers can’t form
weak gums, teeth, bones, internal mucosa
wounds and fractures don’t heal well
prevalent among sailors

283
Q

Marfan syndrome

A

genetic disease
abnormalities in fibrillar - protein that builds elastic fibers
skeletal, cardio, vision, connective tissue abnormalities
tall thin with long legs, arm, finger, toes
die by age 50 because of heart weakness

284
Q

gangrene

A

affect limb, finger, toes
lack of blood flow due to mechanical injury, bacterial infection, diabetes

285
Q

merocrine secretion

A

secretion enclosed in vesicle - goes out the top

286
Q

apocrine secretion

A

whole top part is pinched off

287
Q

holocrine secretion

A

destroys the entire gland

288
Q

supportive connective tissue structure - cartilage

A

semi solid matrix containing chondrocytes

289
Q

supportive connective tissue function - cartilage

A

support and flexibility, absorb compression

290
Q

supportive connective tissue location - cartilage

A

end of long bone, trachea, intervertebral disc, external ear

291
Q

supportive connective tissue structure - bone

A

calcified, solid matrix containing osteocytes

292
Q

supportive connective tissue function - bone

A

protection, support, movement, store calcium

293
Q

supportive connective tissue location

A

bone

294
Q

fluid connective tissue structure

A

red blood cells, platelets, water based ground substance is plasma

295
Q

fluid connective tissue function

A

transport gas, nutrient, waste, participate in immune response and blood clotting

296
Q

fluid connective tissue location

A

blood vessels and heart

297
Q

cells in cartilage, bone, blood

A

cartilage and bone - supportive connective tissue
blood - fluid connective tissue

298
Q

adipose tissue structure

A

loose extracellular matrix

299
Q

adipose tissue function

A

store energy, protection, cushion, insulate

300
Q

adipose tissue location

A

surround organ, subcutaneous tissue

301
Q

reticular tissue structure

A

white blood cell, fibroblast, reticular fiber, ground substance

302
Q

reticular tissue function

A

supportive framework

303
Q

reticular tissue location

A

lymph node, spleen, bone marrow

304
Q

areolar tissue structure

A

fibroblast, collagen, elastic fiber, abundant ground substance

305
Q

areolar tissue structure

A

fibroblast, collage, elastic fiber, abundant ground substance

306
Q

areolar tissue function

A

surrounds and protects organs, loosely binds epithelia to deeper tissues

307
Q

areolar tissue location

A

subcutaneous tissue, dermis of skin

308
Q

dense regular connective tissue structure

A

dense, parallel collagen fiber, fibroblast, sparse, ground substance

309
Q

dense regular connective tissue function

A

resists stress in one direction

310
Q

dense regular connective tissue location

A

tendon and ligament

311
Q

dense irregular connective tissue structure

A

collagen fibers randomly arranged, fibroblast, sparse ground substance

312
Q

dense irregular connective tissue function

A

resist stress in all direction

313
Q

dense irregular connective tissue location

A

dermis of skin, organ capsules

314
Q

dense elastic tissue structure

A

dense elastic fibers, fibroblasts

315
Q

dense elastic tissue function

A

allows stretching

316
Q

dense elastic tissue location

A

walls of large arteries and airways

316
Q

dense elastic tissue location

A

walls of large arteries and airways

317
Q

three fiber types in connective tissue proper

A

connective tissue proper
supporting connective tissue
fluid connective tissue

318
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

large amount of material produced by connective tissue cells that are embedded within

319
Q

Ground substance

A

usually fluid – major component of matrix

320
Q

connective tissue proper

A

loose
dense

321
Q

supporting connective tissue

A

cartilage
bone

322
Q

fluid connective tissue

A

blood and lymph

323
Q

connective tissue structure

A

sparse cells in extracellular matrix

324
Q

connective tissue function

A

physical protection
support and framework
binding of structures
storage
transport (blood)
immune protection

325
Q

exocrine gland

A

ducts secrete products onto epithelial surface

326
Q

endocrine glands

A

ductless
cells secrete products into interstitial fluid and bloodstream
form endocrine system

327
Q

simple squamous function

A

diffusion
filtration

328
Q

simple squamous location

A

alveoli
lining of blood vessels
serous membrane

329
Q

simple cuboidal function

A

absorption
secretion

330
Q

simple cuboidal location

A

kidney tubules
glands

331
Q

simple columnar function

A

absorption
secretion
movement

332
Q

simple columnar location

A
333
Q

simple columnar location

A

lining of stomach, intestine
lining of uterine tubes

334
Q

stratified squamous function

A

protection

335
Q

stratified squamous location

A

epidermis of skin
lining of oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, anus, vagina

336
Q

pseudostratified columnar function

A

protection
movement

337
Q

pseudostratified columnar location

A

lining of respiratory tract

338
Q

transitional function

A

distention
relaxation

339
Q

transitional location

A

lining of uterus, bladder, urethra

340
Q

simple epithelia

A

one layer

341
Q

stratified epithelia

A

many layers

342
Q

psudostratified

A

tall and skinny

Anatomy (10 decks)

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