chemistry exam 4

Question 1

enzymes increase….

Answer 1

rate of reaction

Question 2

enzymes decrease…

Answer 2

activation energy of reaction

Question 3

oxidoreductase

Answer 3

oxidation or reduction

Question 4

transferase

Answer 4

functional groups swap

Question 5

hydrolase

Answer 5

hydrolisis
add water and split

Question 6

lyase

Answer 6

cutting piece of molecule off

Question 7

isomerase

Answer 7

CIS/TRANS
rearrange

Question 8

ligase

Answer 8

use ATP energy

Question 9

increase substrate energy…

Answer 9

increase rate of reaction and eventually hit maximum activity (plateau)

Question 10

kinase

Answer 10

activate inactive enzyme by phosphorylation - add

Question 11

phosphatase

Answer 11

activate inactive enzyme by removal of phosphate

Question 12

feedback control

Answer 12

start with allosteric site
active site
2 intermediate products
end product
end product binds with allosteric enzyme which makes it inactive

Question 13

competitive inhibitor

Answer 13

competes with the substrate for the active site
reversible by increasing substrate concentration

Question 14

noncompetitive inhibitor

Answer 14

attach to enzyme which results in the active site to be changed
not reversible

Question 15

fat soluble vitamin

Answer 15

soluble in lipid not aqueous solution
not eliminated by urine
vision, bone formation, blood clotting

Question 16

nucleotide components

Answer 16

nitrogen containing base
sugar
phosphate group

Question 17

DNA in nucleic acid

Answer 17

deoxy - little d
bases: A, C, G, T

Question 18

RNA in nucleic acid

Answer 18

ribose - no d
bases: A, C, G, U

Question 19

pyrimidine - one ring

Answer 19

DNA: C & T
RNA: C & U

Question 20

purine - two ring

Answer 20

DNA: G & A
RNA: G & A

Question 21

cytosine

Answer 21

one ring NH2

Question 22

thymine

Answer 22

one ring CH3

Question 23

Guamine

Answer 23

double ring - double bond O

Question 24

Adenine

Answer 24

double ring NH2

Question 25

Uracil

Answer 25

one ring double bone O

Question 25

Uracil

Answer 25

one ring double bone O

Question 26

naming purine

Answer 26

end with osine

Question 27

naming pyrimidine

Answer 27

end with idine

Question 28

naming DNA in nucleoside

Answer 28

add deoxy to beginning

Question 29

naming nucleotide

Answer 29

add monophosphate to the end

Question 30

A & T pair

Answer 30

linked with two hydrogen bonds

Question 31

G & C pair

Answer 31

linked with three hydrogen bonds

Question 32

central dogma replication

Answer 32

DNA > DNA

Question 33

central dogma transcription

Answer 33

DNA > RNA

Question 34

central dogma translation

Answer 34

mRNA > amino acid sequence (proteins)

Question 35

leading strand

Answer 35

5' to 3'

Question 36

Lagging strand

Answer 36

3' to 5'

Question 37

DNA polymerase

Answer 37

5' to 3'

Question 38

read strand in chart

Answer 38

5' to 3'

Question 38

read strand in chart

Answer 38

5' to 3'

Question 39

exon

Answer 39

needed to code proteins

Question 40

introns

Answer 40

not needed to code proteins

Question 40

introns

Answer 40

not needed to code proteins

Question 41

point mutation

Answer 41

replacement of one base in template strand different amino acid

Question 42

silent mutation

Answer 42

point mutation doesn't change amino acid

Question 43

deletion mutation

Answer 43

base deleted - all codons changed different sequence

Question 44

insertion mutation

Answer 44

base inserted - all codons changed different sequence

Question 45

recombinant DNA

Answer 45

replace gene from another organism in plasmid DNA of bacterium. produces nonbacterial protein

Question 46

reverse transcription

Answer 46

viral RNA to viral DNA

Question 47

hydrolysis of ATP

Answer 47

ATP > ADP + Pi + 7.3kcal/mole

Question 48

coenzyme A

Answer 48

thiol bond more reactive

Question 49

NAD+

Answer 49

niacin

Question 50

liver cells

Answer 50

synthesize glucose by gluconeogenesis

Question 51

glucose is synthesized where in the liver

Answer 51

cytosol of the liver some in kidney

Question 51

glucose is synthesized where in the liver

Answer 51

cytosol of the liver some in kidney

Question 52

where does digestion happen

Answer 52

mouth, stomach, small intestine

Question 53

cori cycle

Answer 53

bring it back

Question 54

glycolysis and gluconegogenesis process

Answer 54

study! step 1 is phosphorylation

Question 55

glycolgenolysis

Answer 55

process of breakdown from glycogen to glucose glucagon initiates increase blood sugar level