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Anatomy > chemistry exam 4 > Flashcards

chemistry exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

enzymes increase….

A

rate of reaction

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2
Q

enzymes decrease…

A

activation energy of reaction

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3
Q

oxidoreductase

A

oxidation or reduction

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4
Q

transferase

A

functional groups swap

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5
Q

hydrolase

A

hydrolisis
add water and split

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6
Q

lyase

A

cutting piece of molecule off

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7
Q

isomerase

A

CIS/TRANS
rearrange

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8
Q

ligase

A

use ATP energy

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9
Q

increase substrate energy…

A

increase rate of reaction and eventually hit maximum activity (plateau)

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10
Q

kinase

A

activate inactive enzyme by phosphorylation - add

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11
Q

phosphatase

A

activate inactive enzyme by removal of phosphate

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12
Q

feedback control

A

start with allosteric site
active site
2 intermediate products
end product
end product binds with allosteric enzyme which makes it inactive

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13
Q

competitive inhibitor

A

competes with the substrate for the active site
reversible by increasing substrate concentration

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14
Q

noncompetitive inhibitor

A

attach to enzyme which results in the active site to be changed
not reversible

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15
Q

fat soluble vitamin

A

soluble in lipid not aqueous solution
not eliminated by urine
vision, bone formation, blood clotting

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16
Q

nucleotide components

A

nitrogen containing base
sugar
phosphate group

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17
Q

DNA in nucleic acid

A

deoxy - little d
bases: A, C, G, T

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18
Q

RNA in nucleic acid

A

ribose - no d
bases: A, C, G, U

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19
Q

pyrimidine - one ring

A

DNA: C & T
RNA: C & U

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20
Q

purine - two ring

A

DNA: G & A
RNA: G & A

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21
Q

cytosine

A

one ring NH2

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22
Q

thymine

A

one ring CH3

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23
Q

Guamine

A

double ring - double bond O

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24
Q

Adenine

A

double ring NH2

25
Q

Uracil

A

one ring double bone O

25
Q

Uracil

A

one ring double bone O

26
Q

naming purine

A

end with osine

27
Q

naming pyrimidine

A

end with idine

28
Q

naming DNA in nucleoside

A

add deoxy to beginning

29
Q

naming nucleotide

A

add monophosphate to the end

30
Q

A & T pair

A

linked with two hydrogen bonds

31
Q

G & C pair

A

linked with three hydrogen bonds

32
Q

central dogma replication

A

DNA > DNA

33
Q

central dogma transcription

A

DNA > RNA

34
Q

central dogma translation

A

mRNA > amino acid sequence (proteins)

35
Q

leading strand

A

5’ to 3’

36
Q

Lagging strand

A

3’ to 5’

37
Q

DNA polymerase

A

5’ to 3’

38
Q

read strand in chart

A

5’ to 3’

38
Q

read strand in chart

A

5’ to 3’

39
Q

exon

A

needed to code proteins

40
Q

introns

A

not needed to code proteins

40
Q

introns

A

not needed to code proteins

41
Q

point mutation

A

replacement of one base in template strand
different amino acid

42
Q

silent mutation

A

point mutation doesn’t change amino acid

43
Q

deletion mutation

A

base deleted - all codons changed
different sequence

44
Q

insertion mutation

A

base inserted - all codons changed
different sequence

45
Q

recombinant DNA

A

replace gene from another organism in plasmid DNA of bacterium. produces nonbacterial protein

46
Q

reverse transcription

A

viral RNA to viral DNA

47
Q

hydrolysis of ATP

A

ATP > ADP + Pi + 7.3kcal/mole

48
Q

coenzyme A

A

thiol bond
more reactive

49
Q

NAD+

A

niacin

50
Q

liver cells

A

synthesize glucose by gluconeogenesis

51
Q

glucose is synthesized where in the liver

A

cytosol of the liver
some in kidney

51
Q

glucose is synthesized where in the liver

A

cytosol of the liver
some in kidney

52
Q

where does digestion happen

A

mouth, stomach, small intestine

53
Q

cori cycle

A

bring it back

54
Q

glycolysis and gluconegogenesis process

A

study!
step 1 is phosphorylation

55
Q

glycolgenolysis

A

process of breakdown from glycogen to glucose
glucagon initiates
increase blood sugar level

Anatomy (10 decks)

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