Exam 1 Flashcards

Question

Eupnea

Answer 1

normal breathing

Answer 2

difficult/labored breathing

Answer 3

difference between systolic and diastolic

Answer 4

age, stress, exercise, obesity, emotions, fluid volume (dehydration), outside temp, infection (sepsis), hemorrhage, meds, food intake

Answer 5

temporary fall in BP (usually positional/changing position)

Answer 6

- on admission to any health care facility - based on the facility/institutional policy - any time there is a change in patient's condition - any time there is a loss of consciousness - pre-op/post-op surgical or invasive diagnostic procedure (test) [post-op: check for complications every 15 min] - before and after activity that may increase risk, such as ambulation after surgery - before administering meds that affect cardiovascular and respiratory function [check 30 min before giving BP meds and cardiovascular meds]

Answer 7

periods in which there is no breathing

Answer 8

another name for "fever"

Answer 9

decrease in respiratory rate

Answer 10

high body temp exposed to extreme heat

Answer 11

difference between apical and radial pulse

Answer 12

series of sounds which nurse listens for when assessing blood pressure with stethoscope

Answer 13

increase in respiratory rate

Answer 14

person with a fever

Answer 15

low body temp exposed to extreme cold

Answer 16

physiological needs safety and security love and belonging self-esteem self-actualization

Answer 17

oxygen, water, food, elimination, homeostasis, rest, sexuality Prioritize ABC A-airway B-breathing C-circulation

Answer 18

Oxygen: evaluate by assessing skin color, vital signs, anxiety levels, responses to activity, restlessness, and mental responsiveness Intake & Output of Fluids: measure intake and output, test resiliency of skin, check condition of skin and mucous membranes, and weigh patient help assess a patient's water balance Food & Elimination: assessed w/ indiactors including weight, muscle mass, strength, and lab values

Answer 19

physical components: security & protection, potential or actual harm emotional components: involves trusting others and being free of fear/anxiety

Answer 20

nurses meet needs by using proper hand hygiene and sterile techniques to prevent infection, using electrical equipment properly, administering meds knowledgable, skillfully moving and ambulating patients, teaching parents about household chemicals that are dangerous to children

Answer 21

encourage spiritual practices that provide strength and support, by allowing as much independent decision-making and control as possible, and by carefully explaining new and unfamiliar procedures and treatments

Answer 22

feeling of inclusion, acceptance, and belonging (giving and receiving love) families, peers, friends, neighborhood, community unmet needs can lead to isolation and loneliness

Answer 23

include family and friends in care of patient, establish nurse-patient relationship based on mutual understanding and trust (by demonstrating care, encouraging, communication, and respecting privacy) and referring patients to specific support groups (such as cancer support groups or AA)

Answer 24

a need to feel good about oneself sense of pride and accomplishment positive self-esteem = confidence

Answer 25

respect their values and beliefs, encouraging patients to set attainable goals, and facilitating support from family or significant others

Answer 26

the need for people to reach their full potential through development of their unique capabilities each lower level need must be met first process is lifelong purposeful life

Answer 27

focus on person's strengths and possibilities rather than on problems interventions are aimed at providing a sense of direction and hope and providing teaching that is aimed at maximizing potential

Answer 28

exchange of info using words, including both written and spoken word this communication depends on a prescribed way of using words so that people can share info effectively known as language Ex: oral reports, email/text professionally, calling, speaking w/ patients/families

Answer 29

AKA body language can help the nurse notice subtle and hidden meanings in what the patient is saying verbally Ex: eye contact, touch, facial expressions, posture, sounds (signs, moans), appearance, gesture, dress/grooming, silence

Answer 30

feeling of mutual trust experienced by people in a satisfactory relationship

Answer 31

developmental level biological sex sociocultural differences roles and responsibilities physical/mental/emotional state space and territory environment values

Answer 32

to eliminate the breakdowns in communication and potential adverse effects

Answer 33

occurs between nurses in other departments in the facility during nurse-to-nurse reports, or in nurse to physician/health care provider discussions

Answer 34

I - identify (self and patient) S - situation B - background (medical history) A - assessment (thorough) R - recommendation R - readback

Answer 35

orientation, working, termination

Answer 36

introductions establishing trust setting the tone provide info establish routine

Answer 37

LONGEST PHASE assisting patient in physical/mental needs motivate to learn, implement health promotion caring and providing reassurance throughout day

Answer 38

conclusion leaving for day patient going home review goals satisfying feeling introduce new nurse

Answer 39

stand up for self or others using open, honest, and direct communication

Answer 40

not stand up for self or others

Answer 41

asserting one's rights in a negative manner that violates the rights of others

Answer 42

failure to perceive patient as human being failure to listen changing the subject giving false assurance gossip and rumor disruptive interpersonal behavior and communication impaired verbal communication (elderspeak)

Answer 43

cliches (stereotyped, trite, pat answer) yes or no questions questions containing words Why & How questions that probe for info leading questions comments that give advice judgmental comments

Answer 44

control tone of voice be flexible, clear, and concise be truthful keep an open mind take advantage of available opportunities

Answer 45

rude, intimidating, and undesirable behavior directed at another person

Answer 46

anger and aggressive behavior between nurses or nurse-to-nurse hostility

Answer 47

negative, often repetitive, disruptive behavior; also referred to as horizontal violence, lateral violence, and professional incivility

Answer 48

rapidly occurring illness that runs its course, allowing a person to return one's previous levels of functioning

Answer 49

irreversible illness that causes permanent physical impairment and requires long-term healthcare

Answer 50

pathologic change in the structure or function of the body/mind

Answer 51

period in chronic illness when the symptoms of the disease reappear

Answer 52

state of optimal functioning or well-being

Answer 53

a specific difference that is closely linked to social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage

Answer 54

attainment of the highest level of health for all people

Answer 55

behavior of an individual motivated by a personal desire to increase well-being and health potential

Answer 56

health care that takes into account the whole person interacting in the environment

Answer 57

abnormal process in which any aspect of the person's functioning is altered (in comparison to the previous condition of health)

Answer 58

frequency that a disease occurs

Answer 59

number of deaths

Answer 60

period in a chronic illness when the disease is present, but the person doesn't experience symptoms

Answer 61

something that increases a person's chance for illness or injury

Answer 62

conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality of life outcomes and risks

Answer 63

disadvantaged subsegment of a community requiring utmost care, specific ancillary considerations and augmented protection in research; includes those living in poverty, women, children, older adults, rural and inner-city residents, new immigrants, homeless, mentally ill patients, and people w/ disabilities and special health care needs

Answer 64

an active process in which an individual progresses toward the maximum possible potential, regardless of current state of health

Answer 65

COVID-19, strep throat, appendicitis typically need treatment (let it run its course)

Answer 66

cancer, heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, CHF People of all ages

Answer 67

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

Answer 68

basic human needs human dimensions (physical, emotional, intellectual, environmental, sociocultural, spiritual)

Answer 69

diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking

Answer 70

age, family history, gender, ethnicity, race

Answer 71

promoting health and preventing development of disease process or injury

Answer 72

focus is on screening for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment of any found

Answer 73

begins after an illness is diagnosed and treated with the goal of reducing disability and helping rehabilitate patients to a max level of functioning

Answer 74

spreading of microorganisms that are less than 5 mcm when an infected host coughs, sneezes, or talks, or when the organism becomes attached to dust particles coughs, sneezes, talks, becomes attached to dust particles Ex: TB, COVID-19

Answer 75

immunoglobin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen

Answer 76

foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response

Answer 77

antibacterial agent that kills bacteria or suppresses their growth

Answer 78

absense of disease-producing microorganisms; using methods to prevent infection

Answer 79

most significant and most commonly observed infection-causing agents

Answer 80

evidence-based best practices that have proven positive outcomes when implemented together to prevent infection

Answer 81

presence of an organism residing in an individual's body but w/ no clinical signs of infection

Answer 82

way for organisms to enter the body that involves proximity between the susceptible host and an infected person or a carrier, such as through touching, kissing, or sexual Ex: HIV/AIDS, E. coli, Hepatitis B

Answer 83

process used to destroy microorganisms; destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores

Answer 84

transmission of particles > 5 mcm Ex: common colds, influenza, strep, pneumonia

Answer 85

occurs w/ predictability in one specific region or population and can appear in a different location

Answer 86

infection in which the causative organism comes from microbial life harbored w/in person

Answer 87

infection in which causative organism is acquired from outside the host

Answer 88

plant-like organisms (molds & yeasts) can cause infections

Answer 89

infection not present on admission to health care institution and develops during course of treatment for other conditions (nosocomial)

Answer 90

animal/person on or w/in which microorganisms live

Answer 91

infection that occurs as a result of a treatment or diagnostic procedure

Answer 92

personal contact w/ either a vector, living creature that transmits an infectious agent to a human, usually an insect; or an inanimate object (fomite) like equipment

Answer 93

disease state resulting from pathogens in or on body

Answer 94

protective procedure designed to prevent transmission of specific microorganisms; aka protective aseptic techniques and barrier techniques

Answer 95

practices designed to reduce the number of and transfer of pathogens; synonym for clean technique

Answer 96

something originating/taking place in hospital Ex: infection

Answer 97

organism that lives on/in host and relies on it for nourishment

Answer 98

disease-producing microorganisms

Answer 99

gloves, gown, mask, and protective eye gear designed to minimize or prevent the healthcare workers exposure to infectious material

Answer 100

natural habitat for growth and multiplication microorganisms

Answer 101

CDC precautions used in care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status; combines universal and body substance precautions

Answer 102

process by which all microorganisms, including spores, are destroyed

Answer 103

practices that render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms; sterile technique

Answer 104

CDC precautions used in patients known or suspected to be infected w/ pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes; used in addition to standard precautions

Answer 105

nonhuman carriers - such as mosquitos, ticks, lice - that transmit organisms from one host to another

Answer 106

ability to produce disease

Answer 107

smallest microorganism, can be seen only using electron microsope

Answer 108

1) Infectious agents 2) Reservoir 3) Portal of exit 4) Means of transmission 5) Portal of entry 6) Susceptible host

Answer 109

Infectious Agents: pathogens cause infection/disease bacteria (most common) fungi virus parasites

Answer 110

Reservoir: natural habitat of microorganisms people/animals food/water/milk soil inanimate objects

Answer 111

Portal of Exit: point of escape for organisms from the reservoir respiratory tract gastrointestinal tract genitourinary tract blood tissue

Answer 112

Means of Transmission: route of an organism takes between transfer from reservoir to susceptible host Direct: requires close contact/proximity between susceptible host and carrier Indirect: contact w/ living creature that transmits infectious agent to human or inanimate objects

Answer 113

Portal of Entry: point where organism enters new host urinary tract respiratory tract gastrointestinal tract SKIN

Answer 114

Susceptible Host: source that provides microorganisms w/ nourishment and shelter organisms are able to overcome hosts defense systems

Answer 115

Incubation Period Prodromal Stage Full Stage of Illness Convalescent Period

Answer 116

interval between pathogen's first invasion and the appearance of symptoms growing and multiplying

Answer 117

most infectious stage early s/s of disease present, may be mild continues to be unaware of being contagious

Answer 118

infection-specific s/s present acute illness stage

Answer 119

recovery from infection symptoms disappear and person returns to previous health state

Answer 120

poor skin integrity (wounds, surgical incisions) age, sex, race (young and old more susceptible) immunization status general health status - over-stressed, fatigued, existence of illness foleys, IV sites, central catheters immunocompromised - chemo patients

Answer 121

use hand hygiene diligently carry soiled linens away from the body avoid raising dust dispose of waste properly clean equipment as indicated use PPE clean least soiled items first then more soiled avoid allowing patients to cough/sneeze/breathe directly on to others

Answer 122

Gown Mask/Respirator Goggles/Face Shield Gloves

Answer 123

Gloves Goggles Gown Mask

Answer 124

Developmental Considerations Lifestyle Environment Mobility Sensory Perception Knowledge Ability to Communicate Physical Health State Psychosocial Health State

Answer 125

non-skid socks walkers answer call lights bed low to ground

Answer 126

physical devices used to limit a patient's movement Chemical & Physical Restraints

Answer 127

increase possibility of serious injuries due to a fall

Answer 128

drugs that are used to control behaviors and are not included in person's normal medical regimen

Answer 129

falls skin breakdowns mental side effects incontinence respiratory issues depression/anxiety

Answer 130

3 bed rails low beds bed alarm sitters distractions/redirection

Answer 131

unexpected occurrence involving death, or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk of death or injury "never events" because they should never happen