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Funds I Theory > Ch 39: Oxygenation and Perfusion > Flashcards

Ch 39: Oxygenation and Perfusion Flashcards

1
Q

Adventitious

A

abnormal breath sound heard over the lungs

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2
Q

Alveoli

A

small air sacs at the end of terminal bronchioles that are the site of gas exchange

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3
Q

Angina

A

temporary imbalance between the amount of oxygen needed by the heart and the amount delivered to the heart muscles

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4
Q

Arterial Blood Gas

A

diagnostic test examining arterial blood

used to determine the pressure exerted by oxygen and CO2 in blood

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5
Q

Atelectasis

A

incomplete expansion or collapse of a part of the lungs

collapse of alveoli

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6
Q

Atria

A

upper chambers of the heart

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7
Q

Atrioventricular Bundle

A

bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from atrioventricular node to the ventricles, causing them to contract

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8
Q

Atrioventricular Node

A

node of specialized heart muscle located in septal wall of right atrium

receives impulses from sinoatrial node and transmits them to the atrioventricular bundle

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9
Q

Bronchial

A

heard over larynx and trachea are high-pitched, harsh “blowing” sounds with sound on expiration being longer than inspiration

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10
Q

Bronchodilator

A

med that relaxes contractions of smooth muscles of the bronchioles

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11
Q

Bronchovesicular

A

normal breath sounds heard over mainstem bronchus

moderate blowing sounds with inspiration and expiration

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12
Q

Capnography

A

method to monitor ventilation and, indirectly, blood flow through the lungs

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13
Q

Cardiopulmonary

A

relating to the heart and the lungs

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14
Q

Cardiovascular

A

relating to the heart and blood vessels

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15
Q

Cilia

A

microscopic, hair-like projections that move mucous toward upper airway so that it can be expectorated

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16
Q

Crackles

A

fine, crackling sounds made as air moves through wet secretions in the lungs

FLUID IN LUNGS

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17
Q

Diffusion

A

tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is met

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18
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

(EKG)

graphic record produced by electrocardiograph

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19
Q

Endotracheal Tube

A

polyvinyl-chloride airway that is inserted through the nose or mouth into trachea, using laryngoscope

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20
Q

Hyperventilation

A

more than normal amount of air entering/leaving lungs

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21
Q

Hypoventilation

A

decreased rate/depth of air movement into lungs

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22
Q

Hypoxemia

A

deficient oxygenation of BLOOD

23
Q

Hypoxia

A

inadequate amount of oxygen available to the CELLS

24
Q

Internal Respiration

A

exchange of O2 and CO2 between circulating BLOOD AND TISSUE

25
Q

Ischemia

A

deficiency of blood in a particular area

26
Q

Nasal Cannula

A

disposable, plastic device delivers O2 via two prongs in nostrils

27
Q

Oxygenation

A

process of providing cells LIFE-SUSTAINING O2

28
Q

Perfusion

A

process by which oxygenated blood passes through body tissues

29
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation

A

movement of air into and out of lungs

30
Q

Pulse Oximetry

A

noninvasive technology measures O2 sat (SaO2) of arterial blood

31
Q

Respiration

A

gas exchange between alveoli and blood in capillaries

32
Q

Sinoatrial Node

A

mass of tissue in upper right atrium, below opening of superior vena cava, that initiates transmission of electrical impulses, causing heart contractions, AKA pacemaker

33
Q

Spirometer

A

instrument used to measure lung capacity and volume

34
Q

Sputum

A

respiratory secretion expelled by coughing or clearing throat

35
Q

Tracheostomy

A

artificial opening made in trachea through which tracheostomy tube is inserted

36
Q

Ventricles

A

lower chambers of the heart

37
Q

Vesicular

A

normal sound of respirations heard on auscultation over peripheral lung areas

38
Q

Wheezes

A

continuous, high-pitched squeak or musical sound made as air moves through narrowed or partially obstructed airway passages

39
Q

What does life need a constant supply of?

A

oxygen

40
Q

What two body systems work together to meet the body’s need for oxygen?

A

respiratory and cardiovascular

AKA cardiopulmonary system

41
Q

Where do oxygen and carbon dioxide move through as part of the oxygenation process?

A

alveoli

42
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation

A

movement of air into and out of lungs

43
Q

Surfactant

A

a substance which tends to reduce the surface tension of a liquid in which it is dissolved

44
Q

Pleura

A

each of a pair of serous membranes lining the thorax and enveloping the lungs in humans and other mammals

45
Q

Bronchus

A

any of the major air passages of the lungs which diverge from the windpipe

46
Q

Bronchioles

A

any of the minute branches into which a bronchus divides

47
Q

Inspiration

A

inhalation

48
Q

Expiration

A

exhalation

49
Q

How might hypoxia occur?

A

if a problem exists in ventilation, respiration, or perfusion

50
Q

What are the most common symptoms of hypoxia?

A

dyspnea
increased BP w/ small pulse pressure
increased RR and pulse rates
pallor
cyanosis
anxiety
restlessness
confusion
drowsiness

51
Q

Can hypoxia be a chronic condition?

A

yes

52
Q

Signs and symptoms of chronic hypoxia

A

altered through processes
headaches
chest pain
enlarged heart
decreased urinary output
clubbing of fingers and toes
decreased libido (sexual desire)
weakness of extremity muscles
muscle pain

53
Q

How is the majority of oxygen carried through the blood?

A

via red blood cells as part of hemoglobin

Funds I Theory (13 decks)

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