Ch 39: Oxygenation and Perfusion

Question 1

Adventitious

Answer 1

abnormal breath sound heard over the lungs

Question 2

Alveoli

Answer 2

small air sacs at the end of terminal bronchioles that are the site of gas exchange

Question 3

Angina

Answer 3

temporary imbalance between the amount of oxygen needed by the heart and the amount delivered to the heart muscles

Question 4

Arterial Blood Gas

Answer 4

diagnostic test examining arterial blood

used to determine the pressure exerted by oxygen and CO2 in blood

Question 5

Atelectasis

Answer 5

incomplete expansion or collapse of a part of the lungs

collapse of alveoli

Question 6

Atria

Answer 6

upper chambers of the heart

Question 7

Atrioventricular Bundle

Answer 7

bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from atrioventricular node to the ventricles, causing them to contract

Question 8

Atrioventricular Node

Answer 8

node of specialized heart muscle located in septal wall of right atrium

receives impulses from sinoatrial node and transmits them to the atrioventricular bundle

Question 9

Bronchial

Answer 9

heard over larynx and trachea are high-pitched, harsh “blowing” sounds with sound on expiration being longer than inspiration

Question 10

Bronchodilator

Answer 10

med that relaxes contractions of smooth muscles of the bronchioles

Question 11

Bronchovesicular

Answer 11

normal breath sounds heard over mainstem bronchus

moderate blowing sounds with inspiration and expiration

Question 12

Capnography

Answer 12

method to monitor ventilation and, indirectly, blood flow through the lungs

Question 13

Cardiopulmonary

Answer 13

relating to the heart and the lungs

Question 14

Cardiovascular

Answer 14

relating to the heart and blood vessels

Question 15

Cilia

Answer 15

microscopic, hair-like projections that move mucous toward upper airway so that it can be expectorated

Question 16

Crackles

Answer 16

fine, crackling sounds made as air moves through wet secretions in the lungs

FLUID IN LUNGS

Question 17

Diffusion

Answer 17

tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is met

Question 18

Electrocardiogram

Answer 18

(EKG)

graphic record produced by electrocardiograph

Question 19

Endotracheal Tube

Answer 19

polyvinyl-chloride airway that is inserted through the nose or mouth into trachea, using laryngoscope

Question 20

Hyperventilation

Answer 20

more than normal amount of air entering/leaving lungs

Question 21

Hypoventilation

Answer 21

decreased rate/depth of air movement into lungs

Question 22

Hypoxemia

Answer 22

deficient oxygenation of BLOOD

Question 23

Hypoxia

Answer 23

inadequate amount of oxygen available to the CELLS

Question 24

Internal Respiration

Answer 24

exchange of O2 and CO2 between circulating BLOOD AND TISSUE

Question 25

Ischemia

Answer 25

deficiency of blood in a particular area

Question 26

Nasal Cannula

Answer 26

disposable, plastic device delivers O2 via two prongs in nostrils

Question 27

Oxygenation

Answer 27

process of providing cells LIFE-SUSTAINING O2

Question 28

Perfusion

Answer 28

process by which oxygenated blood passes through body tissues

Question 29

Pulmonary Ventilation

Answer 29

movement of air into and out of lungs

Question 30

Pulse Oximetry

Answer 30

noninvasive technology measures O2 sat (SaO2) of arterial blood

Question 31

Respiration

Answer 31

gas exchange between alveoli and blood in capillaries

Question 32

Sinoatrial Node

Answer 32

mass of tissue in upper right atrium, below opening of superior vena cava, that initiates transmission of electrical impulses, causing heart contractions, AKA pacemaker

Question 33

Spirometer

Answer 33

instrument used to measure lung capacity and volume

Question 34

Sputum

Answer 34

respiratory secretion expelled by coughing or clearing throat

Question 35

Tracheostomy

Answer 35

artificial opening made in trachea through which tracheostomy tube is inserted

Question 36

Ventricles

Answer 36

lower chambers of the heart

Question 37

Vesicular

Answer 37

normal sound of respirations heard on auscultation over peripheral lung areas

Question 38

Wheezes

Answer 38

continuous, high-pitched squeak or musical sound made as air moves through narrowed or partially obstructed airway passages

Question 39

What does life need a constant supply of?

Answer 39

oxygen

Question 40

What two body systems work together to meet the body's need for oxygen?

Answer 40

respiratory and cardiovascular AKA cardiopulmonary system

Question 41

Where do oxygen and carbon dioxide move through as part of the oxygenation process?

Answer 41

alveoli

Question 42

Pulmonary Ventilation

Answer 42

movement of air into and out of lungs

Question 43

Surfactant

Answer 43

a substance which tends to reduce the surface tension of a liquid in which it is dissolved

Question 44

Pleura

Answer 44

each of a pair of serous membranes lining the thorax and enveloping the lungs in humans and other mammals

Question 45

Bronchus

Answer 45

any of the major air passages of the lungs which diverge from the windpipe

Question 46

Bronchioles

Answer 46

any of the minute branches into which a bronchus divides

Question 47

Inspiration

Answer 47

inhalation

Question 48

Expiration

Answer 48

exhalation

Question 49

How might hypoxia occur?

Answer 49

if a problem exists in ventilation, respiration, or perfusion

Question 50

What are the most common symptoms of hypoxia?

Answer 50

dyspnea increased BP w/ small pulse pressure increased RR and pulse rates pallor cyanosis anxiety restlessness confusion drowsiness

Question 51

Can hypoxia be a chronic condition?

Answer 51

yes

Question 52

Signs and symptoms of chronic hypoxia

Answer 52

altered through processes headaches chest pain enlarged heart decreased urinary output clubbing of fingers and toes decreased libido (sexual desire) weakness of extremity muscles muscle pain

Question 53

How is the majority of oxygen carried through the blood?

Answer 53

via red blood cells as part of hemoglobin