Ch 33: Activity Flashcards
Active Exercise
joint movement activated by person
Atrophy
decrease in size of body structure
Contracture
permanently contracted state of a muscle
Ergonomics
practice of designing equipment and work tasks to conform to the capability of the worker and providing a means for adjusting the work environment and work practices to prevent injury
Flaccidity
decreased muscle tone; HYPOTONICITY
Footdrop
complication resulting from extended plantar flexion
Isokinetic Exercise
exercise involving muscle contractions with resistance varying at a constant rate
Isometric Exercise
exercise in which muscle tension occurs without a signification change in muscle length
Isotonic Exercise
movement in which muscles shorten (contract) and move
Orthopedics
correction or prevention of disorders of body structures used in locomotion
Paralysis
absence of strength secondary to nervous impairment
Paresis
impaired muscle strength or weakness
Passive Exercise
manual or mechanical means of moving the joints
Range of Motion
complete extent of movement of which a joint is normally capable
Spasticity
increased muscle tone
Tonus
normal, partially steady state of muscle contraction
Benefits of Exercise / Effects of Immobility on Cardiovascular System
Benefits: increase efficiency of heart, decrease resting heart rate and blood pressure, increase blood flow and oxygenation of all body parts
Effects: increase cardiac workload, increase risk for orthostatic hypotension, increase risk for venous thrombosis
Benefits of Exercise / Effects of Immobility on Respiratory System
Benefits: increase depth, increase RR, increase gas exchange at alveolar level, increase rate of CO2 excretion
Effects: decrease depth, decrease RR, pooling of secretions, impaired gas exchange
Benefits of Exercise / Effects of Immobility on Gastrointestinal System
Benefits: increase appetite, increase intestinal tone
Effects: disturbance in appetite, altered protein metabolism, altered digestion and utilization of nutrients, decrease peristalsis
Benefits of Exercise / Effects of Immobility on Urinary System
Benefits: increase blood flow to kidneys, increase efficiency in maintaining fluid and acid-base balance, increase efficiency in excreting body wastes
Effects: increase urinary stasis, increase risk for renal calculi, decrease bladder muscle tone
Benefits of Exercise / Effects of Immobility on Musculoskeletal System
Benefits: increase muscle efficiency, increase coordination, increase efficiency of nerve impulse transmission
Effects: decrease muscle tone, size, and strength, decrease joint mobility and flexibility, bone demineralization, decrease endurance and stability, increase risk for contracture formation
Benefits of Exercise / Effects of Immobility on Metabolic System
Benefits: increase efficiency of metabolic system, increase efficiency of body temp regulation
Effects: increase risk for electrolyte imbalance, altered exchange of nutrients and gases
Benefits of Exercise / Effects of Immobility on Integumentary System
Benefits: improved tone, color, turgor resulting from improved circulation
Effects: increase risk for skin breakdown and formation of pressure injuries
Benefits of Exercise / Effects of Immobility on Psychological Well-Being
Benefits: energy, vitality, general well-being, improved sleep, improved appearance, improved self-concept, positive health behaviors
Effects: increase sense of powerlessness, decrease self-concept, decrease social interaction, decrease sensory stimulation, altered sleep-wake patterns, increase risk for depression, risk for learned helplessness
