Ex1Lec1 Questions Flashcards
Select 2 Phase I reactions associated with drug metabolism Hydrolysis Reduction Conjugation Synthetic
Answer: hydrolysis, reduction
Phase 1 includes hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction
The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs is known as
Pharmacokinetics
What the body does to a drug
A drug that is metabolized at a constant rate is said to undergo the
Zero order kinetics
That absorption and distribution of a drug would fall under the study of
Pharmacokinetics
ADME
Pharmacokinetics - what the body does to the drug.
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
______ route of administration requires a significantly higher dosage to achieve a therapeutic plasma concentration
Oral - due to first pass metabolism
Which of the following processes is a phase II metabolic reaction? A. Oxidation B. Reduction C. Hydrolysis D. Conjugation
D
If liver enzymes are exposed to particular compounds or drugs over a period of time, they will increase their activity, resulting in an increased ability to metabolize. This is referred to as
Hepatic enzyme induction
You administer a drug that has a half-life of ten minutes and has an initial plasma concentration of 50 mg/dL. At ten minutes, the plasma concentration is 45 mg/dL, and at 20 minutes, it is 40 mg/dL. This drug undergoes ________-order kinetics
Zero-order Kinetics
First order kinetics
Each half life decreases the concentration by 50%
Zero order kinetics
Decreases by fixed amount with each half life
What layer of skin is the rate-limiting layer for the absorption of eutectic mixture of local anesthetic (EMLA) cream? A. stratum corneum B. stratum basale C. stratum granulosum D. stratum spinosum
Answer: A
The epidermis is the outer layer of skin. It contains 5 layers. From bottom to top the layers are named: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum. The stratum corneum is the rate-limiting layer of skin for the absorption of transcutaneous drugs.
Ideally, a medication used for a transdermal application has:
A. a molecular weight less than 1000 daltons
B. a daily dose requirement between 15 and 20 mg
C. a pH between 10 and 12
D. absolutely no water-solubility characteristics
A
The characteristics of an ideal transdermal drug are that it have a molecular weight less than 1000 daltons, have both water and lipid solubility characteristics, have a pH between 5 and 9 in an aqueous solution, exhibit no histamine-releasing effects, and have a daily dose requirement less than 10 mg.
Which of the following measurements predicts the time it takes for 50% of a drug to be eliminated from the central compartment when a continuous infusion is discontinued? A. Volume of distribution B. Concentration-response curve C. Steady-state plasma concentration D. Context-sensitive half-time
Answer: D
The context-sensitive half-time predicts the time it takes for 50% of a drug to be eliminated from the central compartment when a continuous infusion is discontinued. The volume of distribution describes the virtual volume into which the drug is distributed. The steady-state plasma concentration corresponds to the steady concentration at the site of action and is determined by a concentration-response curve. It should be noted that context sensitive half-times are computer models that only predict the time for 50% of the drug in the central compartment to be eliminated. It does not predict the time for recovery from the drug.
ED50 refers to
The time it takes for 50% of a drug to be eliminated
Erythromycin administration in patients taking theophylline can lead to
Theophylline toxicity
Hepatic clearance is the product of the hepatic blood flow and the drug's A. hepatic extraction ratio B. plasma concentration C. half-time D. protein binding ratio
A: hepatic extraction ratio
Dose-response curves provide information about all of the following aspects of pharmacologic effects except:
A. Steady-state plasma concentration
B. Potency
C. Efficacy
D. The rate of increasing drug effect with an increasing dose
Answer: A
The study of the intrinsic responsiveness of the body to a drug is known as A. pharmacokinetics B. pharmacodynamics C. sensitivity and specificity D. receptor theory
B. Pharmacodynamics
Or what the drug does to the body
The maximum duration that a single transdermal medication patch would be effective is about
7 days
Which of the following plasma proteins binds preferably to acidic drugs? A. Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein B. Albumin C. Beta-globulin D. Transcortin
Answer: Albumin
Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein bind preferably to _____ drugs
Basic
What term refers to the dose of a drug required to produce a given effect in 50 percent of subjects?
Potency
ED50
Potency
The lag time between the rapid rise in the plasma concentration of an anesthetic drug and the onset of its clinical effect is referred to as
Hysteresis
After administration of fentanyl, the onset of the drug effect lags 2-3 minutes behind peak plasma concentration. This is an example of _______
Hysteresis
