Ex1Lec1 Questions Flashcards
Select 2 Phase I reactions associated with drug metabolism Hydrolysis Reduction Conjugation Synthetic
Answer: hydrolysis, reduction
Phase 1 includes hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction
The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs is known as
Pharmacokinetics
What the body does to a drug
A drug that is metabolized at a constant rate is said to undergo the
Zero order kinetics
That absorption and distribution of a drug would fall under the study of
Pharmacokinetics
ADME
Pharmacokinetics - what the body does to the drug.
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
______ route of administration requires a significantly higher dosage to achieve a therapeutic plasma concentration
Oral - due to first pass metabolism
Which of the following processes is a phase II metabolic reaction? A. Oxidation B. Reduction C. Hydrolysis D. Conjugation
D
If liver enzymes are exposed to particular compounds or drugs over a period of time, they will increase their activity, resulting in an increased ability to metabolize. This is referred to as
Hepatic enzyme induction
You administer a drug that has a half-life of ten minutes and has an initial plasma concentration of 50 mg/dL. At ten minutes, the plasma concentration is 45 mg/dL, and at 20 minutes, it is 40 mg/dL. This drug undergoes ________-order kinetics
Zero-order Kinetics
First order kinetics
Each half life decreases the concentration by 50%
Zero order kinetics
Decreases by fixed amount with each half life
What layer of skin is the rate-limiting layer for the absorption of eutectic mixture of local anesthetic (EMLA) cream? A. stratum corneum B. stratum basale C. stratum granulosum D. stratum spinosum
Answer: A
The epidermis is the outer layer of skin. It contains 5 layers. From bottom to top the layers are named: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum. The stratum corneum is the rate-limiting layer of skin for the absorption of transcutaneous drugs.
Ideally, a medication used for a transdermal application has:
A. a molecular weight less than 1000 daltons
B. a daily dose requirement between 15 and 20 mg
C. a pH between 10 and 12
D. absolutely no water-solubility characteristics
A
The characteristics of an ideal transdermal drug are that it have a molecular weight less than 1000 daltons, have both water and lipid solubility characteristics, have a pH between 5 and 9 in an aqueous solution, exhibit no histamine-releasing effects, and have a daily dose requirement less than 10 mg.
Which of the following measurements predicts the time it takes for 50% of a drug to be eliminated from the central compartment when a continuous infusion is discontinued? A. Volume of distribution B. Concentration-response curve C. Steady-state plasma concentration D. Context-sensitive half-time
Answer: D
The context-sensitive half-time predicts the time it takes for 50% of a drug to be eliminated from the central compartment when a continuous infusion is discontinued. The volume of distribution describes the virtual volume into which the drug is distributed. The steady-state plasma concentration corresponds to the steady concentration at the site of action and is determined by a concentration-response curve. It should be noted that context sensitive half-times are computer models that only predict the time for 50% of the drug in the central compartment to be eliminated. It does not predict the time for recovery from the drug.
ED50 refers to
The time it takes for 50% of a drug to be eliminated
