Evolution Review

Question 1

Study of past and present distribution of organisms

Answer 1

Biogeography

Question 2

Change over time; the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

Answer 2

Evolution

Question 3

Heritable characteristic that increases an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in an environment

Answer 3

Adaptation

Question 4

Separation of a species or population so that they no longer interbreed and evolve into two separate species

Answer 4

Reproductive Isolation

Question 5

Random change in allele frequency caused by a series of chance occurrences that cause an allele to become more or less common in a population

Answer 5

Genetic Drift

Question 6

Structure that is inherited from ancestors but has lost much or all of its original function

Answer 6

Vestigial structure

Question 7

Selective breeding of plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits in offspring

Answer 7

Artificial Selection

Question 7

Form of natural selection in which individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve

Answer 7

Directional selection

Question 7

The movement of genes into or out of a population

Answer 7

Gene Flow

Question 8

Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water, leading to the formation of two separate subspecies

Answer 8

Geographic Isolation

Question 9

Form of natural selection in which individuals near the center of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end of the curve

Answer 9

Stabilizing selection

Question 10

Similar structures that are shared by related species that have been inherited from a common ancestor

Answer 10

Homologous structure

Question 11

How well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment

Answer 11

Fitness

Question 12

Natural selection in which individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle of the curve

Answer 12

Disruptive Selection

Question 13

Number of times that an allele occurs in a gene pool as a percentage of the total occurrence of all alleles for that gene in that gene pool

Answer 13

Allele Frequency

Question 14

Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations develop differences in courtship rituals or other behaviors that prevent them from breeding

Answer 14

Behavioral Isolation

Question 15

Change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population

Answer 15

Founder Effect

Question 16

Situation in which allele frequencies in a population remain the same

Answer 16

Genetic Equilibrium

Question 17

Form of reproductive isolation in which two or more species reproduce at different times

Answer 17

Temporal Isolation

Question 18

All the genes, including all alleles for each gene, that are present in a population

Answer 18

Gene Pool

Question 19

When individuals select mates based on heritable traits

Answer 19

Sexual Selection

Question 20

Body parts that share a common function, but not structure

Answer 20

Analogous structure

Question 21

Formation of a new species

Answer 21

Speciation

Question 22

Process by which organisms that are most suited to their environment survive and reproduce

Answer 22

Natural Selection

Question 23

A change in allele frequency following a dramatic reduction in the size of a population

Answer 23

Bottleneck Effect

Question 24

Increases in DNA diversity can be caused by what 2 genetic occurrences?

Answer 24

Mutation and Crossing

Question 25

All of the alleles of all of the genes that exist in a population is known as the_____________

Answer 25

Gene Pool

Question 26

The changing of allele frequencies in a small population is known as_______________

Answer 26

Genetic Drift

Question 27

A theory which explains that organelles, such as the mitochondria and chloroplast, came about by engulfing another cell.

Answer 27

Endosymbiotic theory

Question 28

_____________ can best be characterized as working on the existing variation of traits to favor those better suited to the organism’s environment.

Answer 28

Natural selection

Question 29

Why do scientists constantly need to develop new antibiotics?

Answer 29

They need to constantly develop new antibiotics to be able to kill drug-resistant bacteria.

Question 30

Evolution affects________

Answer 30

Population and Phenotype

Question 31

The best evidence of evolutionary relatedness between 2 species is__________

Answer 31

DNA sequences and Amino Acids

Question 32

What does the fossil record tell scientists?

Answer 32

Fossil records tell scientists can tell how close organisms are related, how old they are, what their functions could be used for.

Question 33

Adaptive radiation is an example of___________changes occuring in several species evolving from a single common ancestor..
Why?___________

Answer 33

Divergent Evolution

The species have a common ancestor but are characterized by morphological and ecological variations.