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NCM117 LEC > Evolution of Mental Health > Flashcards

Evolution of Mental Health Flashcards

1
Q

Unconventional therapies

A

Complimentary therapies

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2
Q

Spectrum of practices and beliefs. Use of herbs, visual imagery, acupunctures, and massage therapy

A

Complimentary therapies

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3
Q

Proclamation by the state explaining mental illness as a disease

A

Decade of the brain

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4
Q

Emphasizes significance of technological advances in neurobiology & genetics and its impact on understanding mental illness

A

Decade of the brain

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5
Q

Caring for previously hospitalized people outside the hospital

A

Deinstitutionalization

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6
Q

In the community rather than state facility

A

Deinstitutionalization

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7
Q

Began 25 yrs ago - Focuses on human treatment of the mentally ill

A

Mental health movement

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8
Q

Advocates the release of pt from state institutions to community mental health centers

A

Mental health movement

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9
Q

Humane treatment of the mentally ill

A

Moral treatment

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10
Q

Used to affect behavior, mood, & feelings

A

Psychotropics

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11
Q

Example of psychotropics

A

Antidepressants, antipsychotics, antimanic, antianxiety drugs

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12
Q

Biology of the nervous system (brain)

A

Neurobiology

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13
Q

Science and study of the CNS

A

Neuroscience

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14
Q

Insanity was associated with demonic possession.

A

Early history (ancient times)

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15
Q

Healers extract unseen spirits through rituals using herbs, ointments and precious stones.

A

Early history (ancient times)

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16
Q

Mental illness was perceived as incurable, and treatment of the insane was sometimes inhumane and brutal

A

Early history (ancient times)

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17
Q

Often imprisoned or forced to live in streets and beg for food.

A

Mentally ill people in the Middle ages

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18
Q

For more humane treatment, depends on charity of religious groups, who dispenses alms or food or other donations to the needy or poor and ran almshouses and general hospitals.

A

Mentally ill people in the middle ages

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19
Q

First mental asylum (middle ages)

A

St. Mary of Bethlehem

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20
Q

When & where was st. Mary of B built

A

London, England. 14 century

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21
Q

Conceived as a sanctuary or refuge for the destitute and afflicted. Model for similar institutions elsewhere.

A

St. Mary of Bethlehem

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22
Q

Continued skepticism about the curability of mental illness.

A

The 15th-17th Centuries

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23
Q

repositories for prolonged enclosure of the mentally ill.

A

Asylum in 15th to 17th centuries

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24
Q

Insane people were treated more like animals than humans.

A

The 15th-17th centuries

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25
Q

Inhabitants were poorly clothed and fed; often chained and caged, and deprived of heat and sunlight

A

The 15th-17th centuries

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26
Q

The insane was no longer treated as less than human.

A

The 18th Century- Period of Enlightenment

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27
Q

The concept of asylum developed from the humane efforts of PINEL & TUKE

A

The 18th Century- Period of Enlightenment

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28
Q

Significant people in the 18th century

A

Benjamin Rush
Philippe Pinel
William Tuke
Franz Anton Mesmer

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29
Q

Emphasized the need for pleasant surroundings and diversional and moral treatment of the mentally ill.

A

Benjamin Rush (1745-1813)

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30
Q

Treatment include (considered controversial): bloodletting and the administration of cold and hot baths, harsh purgatives, and emetics.

A

Benjamin Rush (1745-1813)

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31
Q

Considers inducement of fright or shock would cause the mentally ill to regain their insanity.

A

Benjamin Rush (1745-1813)

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32
Q

the mentally ill’s extremities is strapped down and this reduces motor and pulse rates; thought to produce calming effect

A

Tranquilizer chair

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33
Q

a form of shock therapy consisting of a rotating, swinging platform onto which, the person was strapped and moved at high speed; Thought to increase cerebral circulation.

A

Gyrator

34
Q

Benjamin Rush first American treatise on Psychiatry:

A

Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Disease of the Mind.

35
Q

Advocated kindness and moral treatment.

A

Philippe pinel (1745-1862)

36
Q

Greatest impact came after he was placed in charge of Bicerte Hospital.

A

Philippe pinel (1745-1862)

37
Q

Proved that releasing the insane from chains and providing moral treatment improved their prospect.

A

Philippe pinel (1745-1862)

38
Q

Began a 4-year dynasty that advocated humane treatment of the mentally ill

A

William Tuke (1732-1822)

39
Q

Renewed the art of suggestive healing that stemmed from the ancient use of trances, which became the basis of hypnosis.

A

Franz Anton Mesmer (1734- 1815)

40
Q

US and other European Countries began a movement that championed reformation of ideas in establishing state hospitals.

A

The 19th Century: The Evolution of the Psychiatric Nurse

41
Q

First psychiatric hospital in America in

A

1772 in Williamsburg, Virginia

42
Q

Significant people in the 19th century

A

Dorothea Lynde Dix
Linda Richards

43
Q

A retired school teacher from Massachusetts.
Led crusade that brought attention of these conditions to the public and legislature.

A

Dorothea Lynde Dix (1802-1887)

44
Q

The result is an improvement in standards of care for the mentally ill which led to proliferation of state hospitals.

A

Dorothea Lynde Dix (1802-1887)

45
Q

The first American Psychiatric Nurse. Graduate of New England Hospital for Women

A

Linda Richards

46
Q

Developed nursing care in state hospitals and also directed a school of psychiatric Nursing in —

A

Linda Richards Mclean psychiatric Asylum in 1880

47
Q

Her efforts resulted to the development of school for nurses in more than 30 asylums

A

Linda Richards

48
Q

Significant people in the 20th century

A

Adolph meyers
Clifford beers
Emil Kraepelin
Eugen bleuler
Sigmun freud
Carl gustav jung
Karen Horney
Harry stack sullivan

49
Q

Initiated psychobiological theory and dynamic concept of psychiatric care.

A

Adolph meyer

50
Q

Theory centered on treatment rather than disease and integrated biochemical, genetic, psychosocial, and environmental stresses on mental illness.

A

Adolph meyer

51
Q

Had been treated for mental illness

A

Clifford beers

52
Q

Contributed to preventive care though his classic work

A

Clifford beers. A mind that found itself 1908

53
Q

Played a major role in establishing Mental Health Movement in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1908 and promoting the early detection of mental illness.

A

Clifford beers

53
Q

Shifted from an emphasis on research in the pathobiological laboratory to the observation and research in conditions known as praecox dementia and mania

A

Emil kraepelin

53
Q

Devised a classification of mental disorders.

A

Emil kreapelin

54
Q

Coined the term schizophrenia and included its characteristics the four As

A

Eugen bleuler

55
Q

Four As

A

Apathy, associative looseness, autism, ambivalence

56
Q

Development of psychoanalysis, psychosexual theories, and neurosis.

A

Sigmund freud

57
Q

a method that serves as the basis for treatment and a theory for personality development

A
58
Q

a method that serves as the basis for treatment and a theory for personality development

A

Psychoanalysis

59
Q

Founded analytic psychology.

A

Carl gustav jung

60
Q

Proposed and originated the concepts extroverted and introverted personality.

A

Carl gustav jung

61
Q

Integrated spiritual concepts, reasoning, ancestral emotional trends, and mysticism, and the creative notion of human beings.

A

Carl gustav jung

62
Q

Objected to Freud’s notions that neurosis and personality development were based on biological drives

A

Karen horney

63
Q

Her theory suggested that neuroses stem from cultural factors and impaired interpersonal relationships.

A

Karen horney

64
Q

Postulated the Hypothesis of interpersonal theory and the development of multidisciplinary approaches to psychiatric and milieu therapy.

A

Harry stack sullivan

65
Q

He surmised that anxiety could be reduced through a meaningful interpersonal relationship that stresses the process of effective communication.

A

Harry stack sullivan

66
Q

A deliberate shift from institutional care in state hospitals to community facilities.

A

Deinstitutionalization

67
Q

Significant changes in public awareness which enabled clinicians to address relatively complex topics with patients and families

A

1990s decade of the brain

68
Q

First Psychiatric Nursing Textbook

A

Nursing Mental Diseases by harriet bailey 1920

69
Q

psychiatric nursing became a part of the curriculum of general nursing programs.

A

1937

70
Q

First Psychiatric Nursing Theorist

A

Hildegard Peplau

71
Q

Developed a model for psychiatric nursing practice

A

Hildegard Peplau

72
Q

HP book

A

“Interpersonal Relationship in Nursing” (1952)

73
Q

outlines the signs and symptoms required in order for clinicians to assign a specific diagnosis to a patient.

A

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM

74
Q

Six editions of DSM

A

1952
1968
1980
1987
1994
2000

75
Q

Five axes for the clinician to use in the assessment of the patient:

A

Axis I: Clinical disorders
Axis II: Personality or developmental disorders
Axis III: General medical conditions that relate to axis I or II or have bearing on treatment
Axis IV: Severity of psychosocial stressors
Axis V: Global assessment of functioning, on a scale of 0 to 100

76
Q

NCMH was published thru

A

Public Works Act 3258

77
Q

NCMH first known as…. Situatedin

A

as Insular Psychopathic Hospital, situated on a hilly piece of land in Barrio Mauway, Mandaluyong, Rizal

78
Q

NCMH formally opened on

A

December 17, 1928 Later known as National Mental Hospital

79
Q

November 12, 1986: was given its present name

A

National Center for Mental Health thru Memorandum Circular No. 48 of the Office of the President

80
Q

Gives and creates venues for quality mental health education, training and research geared towards hospital and community mental health services nationwide.

A

NCMH

NCM117 LEC (18 decks)

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