Evidence - Ethnic Inequalities Flashcards
WORKPLACE: Barron + Norris
Suggests that the ethnic majority (White British) are found in Primary Labour Market (high pay, high status, good fringe benefits), whereas ethnic minorities are found in the Secondary Labour Market (low pay, low status, lack of fringe benefits, poor working conditions.
WORKPLACE: Wood et al
Did a field experiment to examine job applications - they found that people with names associated with an ethnic minority background would have to make 16 applications before getting a positive response, compared with 9 applications for ‘white-sounding’ applicants.
WORKPLACE: The F Word Website
Grenfell Tower has become a symbol of systemic, institutional, and structural ethnic inequality. It represents the ignored, marginalised, vilified, misrepresented and misunderstood and those who are too often victims of discrimination and prejudice (links to lower incomes).
CRIME: Harding
‘Street Casino’ study shows that Black Afro-Caribbean boys in London are more likely to be dragged into gang culture. He states that this happens in areas of deprivation and that the Government needs to act on this. He used the analogy of a casino as they were seen to be gambling with their lives in relation to being involved in gang violence.
CRIME: The MacPherson Report
Published on 24 Feb 1999, found that the police investigation into Stephen Lawrence’s murder was compromised due to a lack of professional incompetence and institutional racism within the police force. MacPherson made 70 recommendations aimed at the elimination of racist prejudice and disadvantage within policing.
CRIME: Social Trends Survey
In 2017, it was found that black people are almost 7 times more likely to be stopped and searched than white people.
MEDIA: Children Now Fair Play
86% of heroes were white. 8/10 black characters were portrayed as competitors in sports games. 86% of black female characters were victims of violence. The ‘New Media’ aimed at younger generations is more stereotypical than traditional media.
MEDIA: Van Dijk
Content analysis was used to study representations of ethnic groups in the UK, over a ten year period. Media stereotypes black people in 5 ways: dependent, abnormal, a threat, unimportant, criminal. This includes presenting cultural practices as abnormal and using blanket terminology.
MEDIA: Hartmann + Husband
The media operates within a culture that sees ‘foreigners’ and ethnic minorities as inferior to white British people.
EDUCATION: Gillborn
Black Afro-Caribeean boys face institutional racism at school and are put into lower sets and entered for lower tier exams, limiting their chances of success and future opportunities (max grade achieved in lower tier GCSE was a D at the time of the research).
EDUCATION: Sewell
Afro-Caribbean boys had an anti-school subculture as peer group rewards those who reject education, hypermasculine peer culture emphasises rejection of academic achievement and defines hard work as ‘effeminate’. Black boys believe teachers, employers and police are all racist and will discriminate them anyway, so not point following conventional pathway.
EDUCATION: Jasper
Black Afro-Caribbean boys are negatively treated by teachers in schools and are negatively stereotyped as ‘non-achievers’ - this can then lead them into trouble meaning they do not achieve in education.
