Everyday consumer products Flashcards
What is the alcohol homologous series functional group?
Alcohols (also known as alkanols) are a homologous series containing the functional group -OH known as the hydroxyl group.
How do alcohol names end?
Alcohols have an -ol ending in their name.
What is the first member of the alcohol homologous series?
The first member of the alcohol series is methanol.
When writing the molecular formula of alcohols where should the functional group be written?
When writing the molecular formula of alcohols the functional group is written at the end so that it can be recognised as an alcohol. e.g. C2H5OH
What is the alcohol general formula?
CnH2n+1OH
When naming branched chains what gets priority?
When naming branched chains the hydroxyl group gets priority.
Describe what happens to the melting and boiling point of alcohols when the length of a hydrocarbon chain increases.
As the length of the hydrocarbon chain increases the melting and boiling points increase. This is due to the increasing strength of the inter molecular forces as observed in all other homologous series.
Describe the solubility of alcohols as the length of the carbon chain increases.
The first three members of the homologous series are soluble (or miscible with) water but solubility decreases as the length of the carbon chain increases.
What are hydrogen bonds?
Intermolecular forces of attraction between ethanol and water are called hydrogen bonds.
What are the products of complete combustion of an alcohol.
The products of complete combustion of an alcohol are water and carbon dioxide.
Why are alcohols used as fuels?
Alcohols are used as fuels as they burn with a clean flame and are highly flammable.
What is often used as a substitute to fossil fuels and why?
Ethanol is sometimes mixed with petrol as a substitute to fossil fuels as it is renewable and does not increase the carbon dioxide level in the environment (carbon neutral).
What alcohol is commonly used in alcoholic drinks?
Ethanol is also the commonly known alcohol that is used in alcoholic drinks.
Identify four uses of alcohols.
Alcohols are used as fuels
Alcohols are sometimes used as a substitute to fossil fuels
Alcohols are also used in alcoholic drinks.
Alcohols are also used as feedstock chemicals and solvents.
What is the carboxylic acid homologous series functional group?
Carboxylic acids (also known as alkanoic acids) are a family of compounds containing the carboxyl functional group (-COOH)