EVALUATION OF METABOLIC, NUTRITIONAL AND ENDOCRINE DISORDERS - OSTEOPOROSIS Flashcards
Test 3
what can give rise to osteosclerosis?
decrease in bone resorption
or increase in bone production
What can be the cuase of osteopenia?
increased bone resorption
decreased bone production
combination of increased resoption and decrease bone production
What is gives rise to osteopenia when bone resorption and production are normal?
decreased mineralization
What is the imagining modality of choice to evaluate metabolic, nutritional and endocrine disorders of osteoporosis?
Conventional radiography
What is the most effective imagining techique is used to measure bone density?
Dural-energy x-ray absorptiometry
The preferred technique of choice to measure BMD (bone mineral density) is what?
DEXA scan
The imaging procedures that can be usefule in evaluation of metabolic, nutitional and endocrine disorders include
MRI, CT, Conventional radiogrphy and bone scentigraphy
DEXA scan indications are
post menopausal not taking Estrogen presonal/maternal history of Hip fx or smoking Tall/thin postmenopausal women Medications Type 1 diabetes, thyroid disorder
What are the 3 MC causes of generalized osteopenia?
osteoporosis
osteomalacia
hyperparathyroidism
what is the definition of osteopenia?
low or reduced bone mass (poverty of bone) of lesser severity than osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is assocated with
deficient matrix, normal mineralization
What cause of osteopenia is osteomalacia?
normal bone matrix (normal bone quantity) deficient mineralization (poor bone quality)
In hyperparathyroidism what is the cause of the osteopenia problem?
an increased resoption d/t parathormone
what is the mc metabolic disorder of bone? What is it caused by?
Osteoporosis
decreased amt of normal bone
Osteoporosis is defined as
increased porosity of bone which leads to structural failure
MC metabolic disorder of bone is
osteoporosis
Primary osteoporosis encompasses for type I
postmenopausal
Primary osteoporosis encompasses type II is
senescent individuals over 75 yrs old
Primary osteoporosis encompasses for Type II older individuals 75 yrs old is also called
involutional
Osteoporosis majority of skeleton most promient where? What is an example?
Axial region
Involutional
What region of the extremity is involved in osteoporosis?
immobilization, paralysis and RSDS
Localized osteoporosis is associated with
neoplasm
infection
inflammatory arthritis
MC complaint with patient’s with osteoporosis is what?
back pain
mc site of fx in osteoporosis is where?
vertebral body
next location is Proximal femur, wrists
Fractures associated with osteoporosis is
Fragility fractures
Bone is removed from what location/part within the bone?
trabecular or spongy areas
The procedure of choice to assess osteoporosis is what?
dural-energy x-ray absorptiometry DEXA
Conventional radiography is the LEAST reliable procedure to see because
the appearance can be influenced by eposure settings
Radiographic Hallmark features of osteoporosis are
increased radiolucenecy (osteopenia)
Cortical thinning (pencil-thin) sharp & well-defined
Altered trabecular patterns
Structural failure
The radiographic features of osteoporosis in the spine are
decreased (spongy) bone density cortical thinning (end plates) trabecular changes: accentuated seudo-Hemangiomatous appearnce or washed out Curve changes leads to increased kyphosis
What changes are made to the vertebral body shape is what? what is the unusual presentation?
pancake, silver-dollar vertebra
malignant disease
The mc radiographic feature of spine in osteoporosis is what?
Wedged vertebra mc in Mid thoracic & Thoracolumbar spine
what is the proper name for severe kyphosis? what is this condition due to?
Dowager’s hump deformity
Anterior body wedging and Decreased disc height degenerative in nature
Thin but promanent end plates and structural failure, decreased bone mineralization are finding consistant with what condition?
osteoporosis
Regarding DEXA, what two areas are imaged?
spine and hips
What is the most common presenting complaint in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis?
Back pain
The proximal femur is the most common location for structural failure in patients with postmenopausal or senescent osteoporosis. True or False
False
