Eukaryotic Organelles

Question 1

What is the Endomembrane system?

Answer 1

Eukaryotic organelles that exchange materials in transport vesicles. (Transportation highway of cellular materials.)

Question 2

What are the organelles of the Endomembrane system?

Answer 2

Nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and cell membrane.

Question 3

What is a vesicle?

Answer 3

A membrane bounded structure that transports materials within a cell like a vehicle.

Question 4

What is a Nucleus?

Answer 4

A membrane bounded sac containing DNA in a eukaryotic ell.

Question 5

What is a nucleus bounded by?

Answer 5

A nuclear envelope; a double membrane

Question 6

What are nuclear pores?

Answer 6

Opening holes in the nuclear envelope which RNA transports out through

Question 7

What is chromatin?

Answer 7

Multiple threads of DNA and associated proteins

Question 8

What is the nucleolus?

Answer 8

Region in the nucleus where RNA is produced; which in turn makes ribosomes.

Question 9

What is the endoplasmic reticulum? What is it responsible for?

Answer 9

Interconnected, membranous tubules and sacs in an eukaryotic cell. Responsible for synthesizing + processing molecules such as lipids

Question 10

Whats the function of the Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

Roughens up ribosomes. Synthesizes proteins and stores lipids.

Question 11

Whats the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

Synthesizes lipids and detoxifys drugs. Also forms vesicles of transport of products to the Golgi Apparatus. (Think: car repairman of vesicles)

Question 12

What is the Golgi apparatus? What is the golgi apparatus responsible for?

Answer 12

The “processing center”. Responsible for making proteins become fully functional after being folded.

Question 13

What are lysosomes? Where do they come from? What do they do in a cell? With what reaction?

Answer 13

Trash-men of the cell. Organelle in an eukaryotic cell which buds from Golgi Apparatus. Break down junk molecules, bacteria, and worn cell parts with hydrolysis.

Question 14

What are vacuoles?

Answer 14

An organelle in a plant cell which degrades and recycles molecules + organelles with it’s watery enzyme solution. (Think: vegan lysosomes). Acquires water and exerts turgor pressure.

Question 15

What is turgor pressure?

Answer 15

Pressure against the cell membrane which helps plants stay upright.

Question 16

Where do lysosomes originate?

Answer 16

Golgi Apparatus

Question 17

What are Peroxisomes? Where do they originate?

Answer 17

Structures similar to lysosomes which dispose of toxic substances but originate at the ER.

Question 18

Where do peroxisomes originate?

Answer 18

In the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 19

Where are ribosomes attached on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 19

The outside

Question 20

Lipids, detoxifying enzymes, and membrane components are produced and stored in what?

Answer 20

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 21

Where are lysosome enzymes synthesized?

Answer 21

Rough ER

Question 22

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 22

Site of photosynthesis in eukaryotes. Produce glucose.

Question 23

What is inside Chloroplasts?

Answer 23

Thylakoids and stoma

Question 24

What is a thylakoid

Answer 24

A flattened membrane that forms stacks called grana and has pigments of chlorophyll

Question 25

What do chlorophyll pigments do?

Answer 25

Capture solar energy

Question 26

What is stroma?

Answer 26

a fluid-filled interior of a chloroplast.