Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 101 > 2.5 Organic Compounds > Flashcards

2.5 Organic Compounds Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Biology flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the four organic molecules?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is dehydration synthesis?

A

A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four levels of protein structure?

A
  1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Tertiary 4. Quaternary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is DNA?

A

A two-stranded complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is RNA’s nitrogenous base?

A

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Uracil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is DNA’s nitrogenous base?

A

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

Hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

Breaking down complex molecules (chemical reaction) by the chemical addition of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Made up of Monosaccharides. Used as energy, cell walls and plant structure. (Potatoes,Cellulose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

The simplest form of sugar and most basic unit of a carbohydrate that cannot be further hydrolyzed to simpler compounds. Contain five or six carbon atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Carbohydrates are often in what proportion?

A

1:2:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the simplest compound of the 4 organic compounds?

A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two groups of carbohydrates?

A

Simple sugars and complex carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are dissacharides?

A

A sugar containing two monosaccharides together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What functions do simple carbohydrates serve?

A

To provide a source of energy; which is released when bonds are broken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are complex carbohydrates?

A

Large chains of monosaccharides. Form starches found in grains, potatoes, and vegetables

19
Q

What are Oligosaccharides?

A

Short chains of three or more monosaccharides.

20
Q

What are Glycoproteins?

A

Proteins that have carbohydrates covalently bonded to them.

21
Q

What are Polysaccharides?

A

Large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides

22
Q

What are complex carbohydrates’ function?

A

Store energy and help form walls + exoskeletons.

23
Q

What are proteins?

A

polymers consisting of amino acids and folded into a 3D functional shape

24
Q

What are amino acids?

A

A simple organic compound which are building blocks of protein.

25
Q

What is a peptide bond?

A

A chemical bond that connects amino acids together.

26
Q

What are polypeptides?

A

Long chains made of joined amino acids to form a protein.

27
Q

What is protein folding?

A

The process by which a protein structure assumes its functional shape or conformation.

28
Q

What is the primary structure of protein?

A

A simple sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

29
Q

What is the secondary structure of protein?

A

A folded structure of a protein within the polypeptide chain.

30
Q

What is the tertiary structure of protein?

A

The overall 3-D structure of a polypeptide after folding again

31
Q

What is the Quaternary structure of protein?

A

Protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain.

32
Q

What is denaturing?

A

Changing the shape of protein

33
Q

What are nucleotides?

A

Basic building blocks of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of 4 DNA bases

34
Q

What are nucleic acids?

A

Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus. contain nucleotides.

35
Q

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)

36
Q

What is RNA?

A

A single-stranded nucleic acid containing sugar ribose that passes along genetic messages and helps make proteins.

37
Q

What are lipids?

A

Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Do not dissolve in water.

38
Q

Are lipids polymers? Why?

A

No, because lipids do not have monomers.

39
Q

What are triglycerides?

A

an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.

40
Q

What are fatty acids?

A

Chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. building blocks of lipids.

41
Q

What are the two groups of lipids?

A

triglycerides and phospholipids

42
Q

What are saturated fats?

A

A fat that is solid at room temperature and found in animal fats, lards, and dairy products.

43
Q

What are unsaturated fats?

A

A fat that is liquid at room temperature and found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds; mostly plants.

44
Q

What are phospholipids?

A

a lipid consisting of a glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group.

Biology 101 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions