Eukaryotic Genome

Question 1

What is central dogma?

Answer 1

• it is a process in which instructions in DNA are converted into a functional product

Question 2

What is an opsin gene?

Answer 2

• Proteins that bind to light-reactive chemicals found in brain, testes, skin, retina

Question 3

What are introns?

Answer 3

• non-coding sequences in eukaryotic genes

- removed by splicing

Question 4

What are snRNPs purpose?

Answer 4

• catalyze reaction
• recognize specific sequences at boundaries of intron and exons
• the introns get spliced out and the exons get joined together

Question 5

What are telomers and what is function?

Answer 5

• Every time DNA replicates, it would get shorter and shorter, genes would start to disappear
• Telomers are short repetitive stretches of DNA at the end of the chromosomes that don’t code, and prevent this from happening.

Question 6

What kind of cells do not have telomers?

Answer 6

• somatic cells do not have them

- they can only divide around 20 times

Question 7

What are centromeres?

Answer 7

• the region of a chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach, via the kinetochore, during cell division

Question 8

What are transposable elements?

Answer 8

DNA elements that can hop around genome

Question 9

What are retrotransposons?

Answer 9

• Type of genetic component that copy and paste themselves into different genomic locations by converting RNA back into DNA through reverse transcription

Question 10

DNA tranposons

Answer 10

• serve no useful purpose
• splice themselves out of genome and jump back in by encoding special enzymes called tranposase
• DNA parasites

Question 11

Pseudogenes

Answer 11

• regions of genome that contain defective copies of genes

Question 12

Ribozymes

Answer 12

• RNA enzymes

- Ribozymes are the RNA portion of ribosome that catalyzes peptide bond formation