eukaryotic gene expression and regulation

Question 1

RNA structure

Answer 1

single

Question 2

measuring gene expression

Answer 2

Amount of protein:

western blot or mass spectrometry

Question 3

western blot

Answer 3

dye to measure amount of protein in a sample

Question 4

measuring gene transcription

Answer 4

amount of mRNA:

Question 5

Quantitative PCR

Answer 5

require specific set of primer for every gene to measure mRNA

Question 6

RNA polymerase II

Answer 6

protein-coding RNA (mRNA) and miRNA

Question 7

gene expression regulation

Answer 7

steps: transcription initiation > RNA processing > RNA stability > translation control > Post-translational control

Question 8

main point of control of gene expression in eukaryotes

Answer 8

transcription initiation

Question 9

basal transcription

Answer 9

GTF binds to TATA box and recruits RNA pol II

Question 10

Specific transcription factors

Answer 10

STF: bind to specific DNA sequences (cis elements)

2 domains:
(1) DNA binding (2) transactivation domain

Question 11

STF

Answer 11

bind to cis element and regulate co-regulators, co regulators alter chromatin structure and , modify environment and recruit GTF to TATA box

Question 12

co-activators

Answer 12

change chromatin environment to open chromatin and promote GTF

Question 13

coo-repressors

Answer 13

change chromatin environment to closed chromatin and inhibit GTF