carbohydrates Flashcards
monosaccharides
basic blocks; 3-9 carbons with functional group
ciliary body carbohydrate metabolism
85% anaerobic glycolysis through embden-meyerhol pathway
carbohydrate metabolism retina VS brain
retina = more anaerobic glycolysis with no glycogen storage;
brain =aerobic glycolysis with minimal glycogen storage
transketolase and transaldolase enzymes
catalyze the interconversion of sugars containing 3 to 7 carbbons
disaccharide
two monosaccharides: sucrose, lactose, and maltose
bond that holds a disaccharide together
glycosidic bond
reaction that creates a disaccharide from monosaccharide
condensation rxn
oligosaccharide
3-9 monosaccharides
raffinose
galactose-glucose-fructose
polysaccharides
10 or more monosaccharides
sulfation
biological functioning: contribute to cell having a net “-“ charge
GAG organization
- repeating disaccharides
- more complex combine w/core protein (proteoglycan)
- which then links to another chain in ECM
glycosaminoglycans in cornea
Keratan sulfate,
Cornea plana 2
flattened cornea mutation in gene coding for keratocan - inability to make keratocan
macular corneal dystrophy
mutation in gene coding a protein involved in synthesis of KS
macular corneal dystrophy
cloudiness of cornea/loss of visual function - mutation in gene coding a protein involved in synthesis of Keratan sulfate (dysfunction protein that adds sulfates)
hurler syndrome
corneal cloudiness - keratin sulfate degredation (deficiency of lysosomal alpha-L-iduronidase/accumulation of GAGs) - autosomal recessive genetic disease
catabolic
break down/release energy
anabolic
build up/use energy
formation of NADP+ (i.e. NADPH)
oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate to ribulose 5-phophate
physiological function of keratin sulfate-containing proteoglycans in cornea
perform a structural role that maintains normal curvature
cellular location of “conversion of pyruvate to glucose via gluconeogenesis”
- mitochondrial matrix, 2. cytosol 3. ?
decreased activity of galactose 1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT)
lect 11/12?
inhibitors of tricarboxylic acid cycle
NADH, ATP, ?
