Enzymes and Cellular function

Question 1

free energy of activation

Answer 1

the energy difference between the reactants and the transition state

Question 2

free energy of reaction

Answer 2

energy of reactants minus energy of products (does not change catalyzed or non-catalyzed)

Question 3

enzyme

Answer 3

protein catalyst that increases the rate of biological rxns without themselves being changed in the overall process

Question 4

covalent modification

Answer 4

often made to enzymes by other enzymes. ex: kinases, phosphatases

Question 5

V(max)

Answer 5

the point when additional substrate will not increase the rate of the reaction

Question 6

Michaelis-Menten plot

Answer 6

velocity and substrate concentration relationship.
enzymes = hyperbolic curve
allosteric enzymes = sigmoid curve

Question 7

kinases

Answer 7

catalyze phosphorylation reactions utilizing ATP as phosphate donor

Question 8

phosphatases

Answer 8

cleave phosphate groups from phosphorylated enzymes - converts

Question 9

phosphatases

Answer 9

cleave phosphate groups from phosphorylated enzymes - converts

Question 10

phosphatases

Answer 10

cleave phosphate groups from phosphorylated enzymes - converts

Question 11

homotropic effectors

Answer 11

the substrate itself serves as the effector most often as a positive effector

Question 12

negative effectors

Answer 12

reduce enzyme activity

Question 13

positive effectors

Answer 13

increase enzyme activity