amino acid and protein structure (L1)

Question 1

amino acid structure

Answer 1

carboxyl group, amino group, R group, alpha carbon

Question 2

alpha helix

Answer 2

spiral structure consisting of a tightly packed, coiled polypeptide backbone core,

Question 3

beta sheets

Answer 3

all peptide bond components are involved in H bonding

Question 4

beta bends

Answer 4

reverse the direction of a polypeptide chain, composed of 4 amino acids, stabilized by the formation of H and ionic bonds
ex: glycine

Question 5

quaternary structure of proteins

Answer 5

subunits are held together by primarily non-covalent interactions
subunits can either function independently or together

Question 6

disulfide bonds

Answer 6

S-S bond (covalent cross link) that stabilizes tertiary structure

Question 7

amino acids in glutathione

Answer 7

glutamine (specifically glutamic acid), cysteine, clycine

Question 8

glutamine

Answer 8

glutamine

Question 9

cysteine

Answer 9

cystein

Question 10

glycine

Answer 10

glycine - non-polar

Question 11

glutathione

Answer 11

essential for eye and overall health

Question 12

taurine

Answer 12

help remove waste from the retina

Question 13

non-polar side chains

Answer 13

even distribution of electrons - hydrophobic -

Question 14

non-polar amino acid examples

Answer 14

glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylaline, tryptophan, methionine, proline

Question 15

hydrophobic effect

Answer 15

in aqueous solutions, non polar amino acids cluster together in the interior of the protein (away from the water)
in lipid, nonpolar groups are outside surface interacting with environment

Question 16

proline

Answer 16

“imino” acid, rigid 5-membered ring,

Question 17

collagen

Answer 17

fibrous protien with high proline content

Question 18

collagen

Answer 18

fibrous protein with high proline content

Question 19

residue

Answer 19

amino acid in a protien

Question 20

uncharged polar side chain amino acid examples

Answer 20

serine, theonine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine, cysteine

Question 21

kinases

Answer 21

enzymes that add phosphates

Question 22

which amino acids can be phosphoralated

Answer 22

Ser, Thr, Tyr

Question 23

amino acids with uncharged polar side chains that lose a proton at alkaline pH

Answer 23

Cys and Tyr

Question 24

amino acids with acidic side chains

Answer 24

COO-

aspartic acid and glutamate

Question 25

basic side chain amino acids

Answer 25

histidine, lysine, arginine

Question 26

configuration of amino acids in proteins

Answer 26

L configuration