ethnicity Flashcards
white british identities in britain
socialisation education media promoting this culture
white british culture has more power than ethnic minority groups and do not experience discrimination
associated with racism - eg british national party
african-caribbean identities in britain
gilroy - no single black culture - historical experience of slavery affects perceptions of black people and black identity
black identity reinforced by black subcultures or anti-school subcultures among African-Caribbean girls
Fuller - means for girls to resist negative stereotypes
Sewell peer pressure influential - partly responsible for educational underachievement and unemployment
African Caribbean male identity - hyper-male - compensatory masculinity making up for lack of male socialisation - consumer culture important
asian identities in britain
modood - different amongst different asian groups
johal - second and third gen have dual identity - asian identity and white mask
Jacobson - young british pakistani muslims - used values and symbols within islam to create positive identity which previously denied by racism
Mirza - rise in hijab - not due to family but peer pressure and identity
impact of the family
Ghuman - south asian families emphasised the importance of loyalty and family obligation and a commitment to their religion instilled through primary socialisation
- asian families characterised by discipline and parenting knowing best
arranged marriages - Hennink - 75% of sikh and 85% of muslim girls are expected
HOWEVER - Bhatti - growth in conflict in a minority number of asian families - adolescent boys wanted to marry girl of english decent
impact of the education system
ethnic-based religious school eg muslim schools
institutional racism in mainstream schools - racist teachers and ethnocentric curriculum
Wright - research in multi-ethnic primary school - asian pupils victims of labelling - teachers had ethnocentric views - english culture superior
sewell - black identities reinforced as young black students coped with racist teacher stereotypes
impact of media
sewell - macho black identity created from global media eg rap music
phillips - balance of media reporting - muslim in 2000s seen as bad word
nandi and platt - all muslim groups more likely to identify themselves as british than the white majority - commitment to british values - stigmatised identity
impact of religion
modood - research - different importance that different ethnic groups have on role of religion - asian communities saw importance in shaping identity - socialisation
ghuman - mosque is central to religious, educational and political activities of muslim community - strong influence on way children socialised
Jacobson - important socialising agent - islam - growing source of identity amongst british pakistani
impact of peer groups
sewell - peer pressure influential eg african caribbean you in inner cities - hyper-masculine
compensate for lack of father figure
media powerful role in this too
what processes are changing asian identities
Johal - 2 new ethnic identities - dual identity and hybrid identity
dual - british asians have 2 identities - asian one they inherit, living life in britain
british asians adopt identity based on context - white mask (Fanon) - attempt to gain social acceptance
hybrid - braisian - british and asian
fusing both of the culture - pick and mix
HOWEVER - butler - women attempting to mould new identity through independence in education and careers rather than just family and religion
impact of globalisation
diaspora - dispersal of ethnic population from its original homeland and spreading out across the world
- retain own heritage, adopt new elements
Bielewska - polish community had strong polish ethnic identities - younger generation similar to non-polish people - constructed own identtiies
can have negative influence - culture may lose separate identities
allows for different cultures to interact - hybrid identities
ethic identities are changing - support
harder to identify - stuart hall - impact of globalisation merging cultures
leisure activities of british asians - burdsey - consuming designer clothing, leisure activities similar to young white and black males
hybridisation - draw upon range of cultures to create hybrid identity
multiculturalism - assimilation - mirza et al - muslims intergrated into british society
cultural borrowing - les black - hybrid identities emerging - trying new cultures and playing with styles
ethnicity as resistance - sewell - anti-school subcultures and compensatory masculinity
multiculturalism - important
multiculturalism - mirza
asian identities - modood
bradley - politicised identity eg BLM
white mask
stigmatised identity - goffman
multiculturalism - not important
postmodernism - blurring of identities
doward - white youth follow black culture in consumption and leisure patterns
identities built around consumption and leisure - pick and mix identities
hybridisation - les black - demonstration of blurring lines
johal - brasian - choice
socialisation - important
family - ghuman south asian families and commitment, obedience - hennick - arranged marriages
education - institutional racism - sewell - subcultures
media - sewell - macho black identity - negative media rep
religion - jacobson - islam growing source of identity
socialisation - not important
postmodernism - social divisions like ethnicity now blurred - no longer important
conflict in the family - conflict with younger gens with traditional culture being passed on
Anwar - younger gen adopted alien views - mixing with westerners
Bhatti - conflict over marriage
