Ethics: ethical principles

Question 1

5 key ethical principles?

Answer 1

scientific integrity
respect for persons
justice
beneficence 
non maleficence

Question 2

scientific integrity: 4 points within the study?

Answer 2

• appropriate sampling
• good methodology (can be replicated for scrutiny)
• results not tampered with
• results published (for scrutiny)

Question 3

scientific integrity: 2 additional points?

Answer 3

no deception

there’s a purpose for the reserach

Question 4

respect for persons: 3 aspects?

Answer 4

maximise autonomy and human dignity
informed consent
privacy and confidentiality

Question 5

maximise autonomy and human dignity: 2 points?

Answer 5

respect cultural and religious beliefs

people who don’t have autonomy are protected

Question 6

informed consent: 3 points about consent itself?

Answer 6

• info must be understood by person
• person must be competent to make decision to participate
• no deception

Question 7

informed consent: 2 additional points

Answer 7

voluntary participation (no coercion)
withdrawal rights (no explanation, no coersion)

Question 8

justice: 2 points

Answer 8

• in selection

- in distribution of risks

Question 9

beneficence: define

Answer 9

research must benefit society

Question 10

none maleficence: define

Answer 10

participants shouldn’t be exposed to unnecessary harm

Question 11

3 examples of health information

Answer 11

• Physical/mental health info
• Disiability status
• Wishes about future healthcare

Question 12

6 examples of sensitive information

Answer 12

• Racial/ethnic information
• Religious beliefs
• Philosophical beliefs
• Political opinions
• Sexual preferences/practices
• Criminal record

Question 13

4 circumstances under which sensitive/health info can be shared

Answer 13

• with individual’s consent
• between health professionals involved in care
• when can’t be identified
• when required by law