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BMS1042: Public health > Diseases: prion diseases, vector borne, airborne > Flashcards

Diseases: prion diseases, vector borne, airborne Flashcards

1
Q

prion disease: what is the infectious agent, where does it end up, what happens?

A

prions - misshapen proteins
end up in brain
multiply

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2
Q

2 examples of prion diseases

A

creutzfeld jakob disease

bovine spongiform encephalopahty

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3
Q

3 ways prion diseases can be transmitted

A

cannibalism
blood
eating animals with prion disease

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4
Q

2 consequences of prion disease

A

brain atrophy

dementia

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5
Q

treatment of prion disease

A

none

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6
Q

define: vector borne disease

A

transmitted from source to host by an intermediate organism

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7
Q

what diseases do aedes mosquitoes transmit

A

zika, yellow fever, dengue fever

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8
Q

what disease do anopheles mosquitoes transmit

A

malaria

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9
Q

whiat disease do ticks transmit

A

lyme disease

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10
Q

what disease do fleas transmit

A

plague, rickettsosis

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11
Q

what disease do lice transmit

A

typhus

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12
Q

what is the infectious agent transmitted via mosquitoes to humans

A

parasite

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13
Q

is there treatment for malaria?

A

yes

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14
Q

is treatment effective?

A

not always, can relapse

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15
Q

prevention of malaria?

A

mosquito nets, repellant, long clothes

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16
Q

define: airborne diseases

A

intermediate agent is dust particle, fungal spores, air/respiratory droplets IN THE AIR; which transmit infectious agent to person

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17
Q

4 airborne diseases

A

measles
tuberculosis
chicken pox
influenza

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18
Q

is measles spread by air droplet, dust particle or spores

A

air droplet

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19
Q

is it very infectious?

A

yes

20
Q

how long is the incubation (asymptomatic) period

A

10-14 days

21
Q

is it vaccine preventable

A

yes

22
Q

5 moderate effects

A

fever, runny nose, cough, rash, inflamed eyes

23
Q

3 severe effects

A

lung and ear infections

encephalitis –> potentially permanent brain damage and death

24
Q

influenza: incubation period?

A

1-4 days

25
Q

influenza: what airborne particle does it spread by

A

droplets

26
Q

what are the 4 major categories of the influenza virus?

A

type A, B, C, D

27
Q

type A affects

A

humans, birds, pigs

28
Q

type B affects

A

humans

29
Q

type C affects

A

humans

30
Q

type D affects

A

cows

31
Q

which two types are responsible for the seasonal outbreaks?

A

type A and B

32
Q

what are the two proteins on type A influenza virus

A

hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

33
Q

how many types of hemagluttinin and neuraminidase are there? what are their shapes

A

18 (long) and 11 (short)

34
Q

what makes the subtypes of the influenza A virus

A

the combos of neuraminidase and hemagluttinin subtypes

35
Q

two ways through which the combos of proteins can change

A

antigenic drift

antigenic shift

36
Q

define antigenic drift

A

when there’s a minor change to antigens/proteins due to mutation

37
Q

define antigenic shift

A

when there’s a major change to proteins/antigens due to recombination between different animal species

38
Q

what kind of infectious agent is tuberculosis

A

bacteria

39
Q

2 additional factors needed for TB to be spread

A

prolonged close contact

weakened immune system

40
Q

do countries that have high HIV rates have high TB rates? a potential reason for this?

A

yes - as HIV weakens the immune system, making TB easier to contract

41
Q

is TB acute or chronic

A

chronic

42
Q

what body part does TB affect

A

the lungs

43
Q

what percentage of people infected with TB show symptoms?

A

only 10%

44
Q

is there a vaccine for TB?

A

yes but not very effective

45
Q

describe treatment for active TB

A

very drug intensive

46
Q

describe treatment for latent TB

A

less drug intensive

but side effects - orange sweat/tears, flu like symptoms

BMS1042: Public health (27 decks)

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