Diseases: prion diseases, vector borne, airborne Flashcards
prion disease: what is the infectious agent, where does it end up, what happens?
prions - misshapen proteins
end up in brain
multiply
2 examples of prion diseases
creutzfeld jakob disease
bovine spongiform encephalopahty
3 ways prion diseases can be transmitted
cannibalism
blood
eating animals with prion disease
2 consequences of prion disease
brain atrophy
dementia
treatment of prion disease
none
define: vector borne disease
transmitted from source to host by an intermediate organism
what diseases do aedes mosquitoes transmit
zika, yellow fever, dengue fever
what disease do anopheles mosquitoes transmit
malaria
whiat disease do ticks transmit
lyme disease
what disease do fleas transmit
plague, rickettsosis
what disease do lice transmit
typhus
what is the infectious agent transmitted via mosquitoes to humans
parasite
is there treatment for malaria?
yes
is treatment effective?
not always, can relapse
prevention of malaria?
mosquito nets, repellant, long clothes
define: airborne diseases
intermediate agent is dust particle, fungal spores, air/respiratory droplets IN THE AIR; which transmit infectious agent to person
4 airborne diseases
measles
tuberculosis
chicken pox
influenza
is measles spread by air droplet, dust particle or spores
air droplet
is it very infectious?
yes
how long is the incubation (asymptomatic) period
10-14 days
is it vaccine preventable
yes
5 moderate effects
fever, runny nose, cough, rash, inflamed eyes
3 severe effects
lung and ear infections
encephalitis –> potentially permanent brain damage and death
influenza: incubation period?
1-4 days
influenza: what airborne particle does it spread by
droplets
what are the 4 major categories of the influenza virus?
type A, B, C, D
type A affects
humans, birds, pigs
type B affects
humans
type C affects
humans
type D affects
cows
which two types are responsible for the seasonal outbreaks?
type A and B
what are the two proteins on type A influenza virus
hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
how many types of hemagluttinin and neuraminidase are there? what are their shapes
18 (long) and 11 (short)
what makes the subtypes of the influenza A virus
the combos of neuraminidase and hemagluttinin subtypes
two ways through which the combos of proteins can change
antigenic drift
antigenic shift
define antigenic drift
when there’s a minor change to antigens/proteins due to mutation
define antigenic shift
when there’s a major change to proteins/antigens due to recombination between different animal species
what kind of infectious agent is tuberculosis
bacteria
2 additional factors needed for TB to be spread
prolonged close contact
weakened immune system
do countries that have high HIV rates have high TB rates? a potential reason for this?
yes - as HIV weakens the immune system, making TB easier to contract
is TB acute or chronic
chronic
what body part does TB affect
the lungs
what percentage of people infected with TB show symptoms?
only 10%
is there a vaccine for TB?
yes but not very effective
describe treatment for active TB
very drug intensive
describe treatment for latent TB
less drug intensive
but side effects - orange sweat/tears, flu like symptoms
