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Prepa 7 - Semestre 4 > Ethics 2 > Flashcards

Ethics 2 Flashcards

1
Q

In ancient times, these two things lived in balance

A

Humans and nature

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2
Q

In ancient times, humans and nature lived in

A

Balance

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3
Q

Humans did this in order to ensure their safety and satisfy their growing material ambition

A

Working to modify and alter their natural environment

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4
Q

Humans worked towards modifying and altering their natural environment in order to

A

Ensure their safety and satisfy their growing material ambition

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5
Q

With the passage of time and thanks to accumulated knowledge, people was able to settle down and achieve a period of industrial progress known as

A

Industrial Revolution

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6
Q

Sources of energy which we have used in order

A

Coal, oil, electrical, nuclear

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7
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

Economic, social and technological transformation (agriculture to industrial)that has impacted and deteriorated the environment

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8
Q

Industrial Revolution happened in this time

A

Second half of the 18th century until the middle of the 19th century.

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9
Q

Places where the Industrial Revolution happened

A

Western Europe and North America

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10
Q

Change in Western Europe and North America which happened in the second half of the 18th century until the middle of the 19th century.

A

Industrial revolution

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11
Q

Science and technology did this to the human population

A

Doubled it

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12
Q

This caused the human population to double

A

Advances in science and technology

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13
Q

Environmental ethics

A

Discipline that guides human behavior responsibly, caring for the natural environment

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14
Q

Discipline that guides human behavior responsibly, caring for the natural environment

A

Environmental ethics

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15
Q

Philosophical enviornmental stances

A

Anthropocentric, ecocentric, biocentric

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16
Q

Anthropocentric

A

Social philosophy that postualtes that all situation in the world revolve around humans

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17
Q

Social philosophy that postualtes that all situation in the world revolve around humans

A

Anthropocentric

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18
Q

Anthropocentrism is based on the belief that

A

Humans are similar to God, so they therefore have power over every living being.

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19
Q

Anthropocentrism originated in this era for this reason

A

Middle Ages, since the Church wanted to keep humanity in ignorance and fear

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20
Q

Ecocentrism

A

Social philosophy that sows interest in nature and attributes moral values to ecosystems

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21
Q

Social philosophy that sows interest in nature and attributes moral values to ecosystems

A

Ecocentrism

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22
Q

Ecocentrism arrises during these centuries

A

17th to 20thh

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23
Q

Ecocentrism arises as a reaction to

A

Obvious and notorious atrocities caused by anthropocentrism

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24
Q

The postulates of ecocentrism are based on the fact that

A

All activity and reasoning carried out by people must be particularly focuses on safeguarding the conservation of nature

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25
Q

Best known proposal of Ecocentrism

A

Deep ecology

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26
Q

Deep Ecology was proposed by

A

Arne Naess

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27
Q

Deep Ecology was proposed in this year

A

1972

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28
Q

Arne Naess proposed this theory in 1972

A

Deep Ecology

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29
Q

Arne Naess’ nationality

A

Finnish

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30
Q

Postulates of Deep Ecology

A
  • Human beings should be considered equal to other species
  • Nature doesn’t exist to satisfy humans
  • Nature is the only valuable entity, and humans are just one element of this entity
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31
Q

Biocentrism

A

Social philosophy that attributes moral value to all living beings, regardless of complexity

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32
Q

Social philosophy that attributes moral value to all living beings, regardless of complexity

A

Biocentrism

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33
Q

Best known postulate of biocentrism

A

Species and natural systems have an objetice value independe of that designated by humans

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34
Q

Species and natural systems have an objective value independent of that designated by humans

A

Best known postulate of biocentrism

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35
Q

The postulate that species and natural systems have an objective value independent of that designated by humans in biocentrism is based on

A

Without humans, other species would still follow their life courses

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36
Q

Without humans, other species would still follow their life courses. This led to this postulate

A

Species and natural systems have an objetice value independe of that designated by humans
Biocentrism

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37
Q

Defenders of biocentrism

A

J.O’Neill and H. Rolston III

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38
Q

J.O’Neill and H. Rolston III are defenders of

A

Biocentrism

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39
Q

Biocentrism says that human activities should

A

No impact, disturb, or harm other species

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40
Q

Biocentrism grants moral value to

A

Each living being individually

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41
Q

Ecocentrism grants moral values to

A

Complex and delicate natural ecosystems that support the planet’s life

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42
Q

Environmental Ethics. Philosophical positions which include all humans

A

Anthropocentrism, ecocentrism, biocentrism

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43
Q

Environmental Ethics. Philosophical positions which take ecosystems into account

A

Ecocentrism, biocentrism

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44
Q

Environmental Ethics. Philosophical positions which take species into account

A

Ecocentrism, biocentrism

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45
Q

Moral subject of anthropocentrism

A

Humans

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46
Q

Moral subject of ecocentrism

A

Ecosystems and all their biological components including humans

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47
Q

Moral subject of biocentrism

A

All living organisms, including humans

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48
Q

Environmental Ethics. Philosophical position whose moral subject is humans

A

Anthropocentrism

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49
Q

Environmental Ethics. Philosophical position whose moral subject is Ecosystems and all their biological components including humans

A

ecocentrism

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50
Q

Environmental Ethics. Philosophical position whose moral subject is All living organisms, including humans

A

Biocentrism

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51
Q

Vision of anthropocentrism

A

Reductionists

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52
Q

Vision of ecocentrism

A

Holistic

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53
Q

Vision of biocentrism

A

Holistic

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54
Q

Environmental Ethics. Philosophical position whose vision is reductionist

A

Anthropocentrism

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55
Q

Environmental Ethics. Philosophical position whose vision is holistic

A

Ecocentrism, biocentrism

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56
Q

Value given to organisms according to anthropocentrism

A

Instrumental value granted by humans

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57
Q

Value given to organisms according to ecocentrism

A

Intrinsic value of every living being independent of humans

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58
Q

Value given to organisms according to biocentrism

A

Intrinsic value of every living being independent of humans

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59
Q

Environmental Ethics. Philosophical position where Instrumental value granted by humans

A

Anthropocentrism

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60
Q

Environmental Ethics. Philosophical position where Intrinsic value of every living being independent of humans

A

Ecocentrism, biocentrism

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61
Q

Main exponent of ecocentrism

A

Arthur of Tipiology

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62
Q

Arthur of Tipiology is the main exponent of

A

Ecocentrism

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63
Q

Document promulgated on June 29, 2000

A

Earth Charter

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64
Q

Earth Charter

A

Document that promotes human awareness and is based on environmental ethics

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65
Q

Document that promotes human awareness and is based on environmental ethics

A

Earth Charter

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66
Q

Environmental issues (definition)

A

Product of large number of human beings and the needs they demand to survive

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67
Q

Product of large number of human beings and the needs they demand to survive

A

Environmental issues

68
Q

The link between humans and nature have generated problems such as

A

Climate change, environmental pollution, and loss of biodiversity

69
Q

Portion of the bible that was called into question in the 20th century

A

Genesis, “Grow and dominate the Earth”

70
Q

Three phases of ethical deliberation of an environmental problem

A

Documentation, analysis, pronouncement

71
Q

Documentation during ethical deliberation of an environmental problem

A

Collect evidence of situation, participants, relationships, and the damage caused to the environment and to society

72
Q

Analysis during ethical deliberation of an environmental problem

A

Exhaustive inestigation, examining relations and interconnections. Exposition and explanation of the ethical contradiction that concurs, as well as the incident

73
Q

Pronouncement during ethical deliberation of an environmental problem

A

Exposing probable solutions, possible solutions, and detailing the ethical-moral reasoning of failure found in the norms

74
Q

Environmental responsibility arises from

A

Stockholm Declaration

75
Q

The Stockholm Declaration was written in

A

1972

76
Q

Laws that Mexico has had to regulate the environment

A

Federal Law to Prevent and Control Environmental Pollution
Federal Law for Environmental Protection
General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection (in force)

77
Q

First envionrmental law in Mexico

A

Federal Law to Prevent and Control Environmental Pollution

78
Q

The first environmental law in Mexico was erected in

A

1971

79
Q

The Federal Law to Prevent and Control Environmental Pollution was enacted in

A

1971

80
Q

Federal Law to Prevent and Control Environmental Pollution. Purpose

A

Regulate air, water and soil pollution

81
Q

Responsible for application of the Federal Law to Prevent and Control Environmental Pollution

A

Ministry of Health and Assistance (SSA), specifically Subsecretariat for Environmental Improvement

82
Q

Law which regulates air, water and soil pollution

A

Federal Law to Prevent and Control Environmental Pollution

83
Q

Law which was applied and enforced by Ministry of Health and Assistance (SSA), specifically Subsecretariat for Environmental Improvement

A

Federal Law to Prevent and Control Environmental Pollution

84
Q

Year when the Federal Law to Prevent and Control Environmental Pollution was replaced by the Federal Law for Environmental Protection

A

1982

85
Q

Law which replaced Federal Law to Prevent and Control Environmental Pollution

A

Federal Law for Environmental Protection

86
Q

Law which was replaced by Federal Law for Environmental Protection

A

Federal Law to Prevent and Control Environmental Pollution

87
Q

Contributions of the Federal Law for Environmental Protection

A

Monitor health problems, while also covering urban problems. This started a legislative era in Mexico around environmental matters

88
Q

Created to enfore legal framework in 1982 to help environmental problems and stop deterioration of natural ecosystems

A

Ministry of Urban Development and Ecology (SEDUE)

Subsecretariat of Ecology

89
Q

Ministry of Urban Development and Ecology (SEDUE) was created in

A

1982

90
Q

Subsecretariat of Ecology was created in

A

1982

91
Q

Year when the Federal Law for the Protection of the Environment was replaced by the General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection

A

1988

92
Q

Law which replaced the Federal Law for the Protection of the Environment

A

General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection

93
Q

Law which was replaced by General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection

A

Federal Law for the Protection of the Environment

94
Q

Reason why General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection was created

A

Formalize the responsibility of preventing pollution and conserving natural resources

95
Q

For this new legal framework and based on changes in the international order, this was created in 1992

A

Secretariat of Social Development (SEDESOL)

96
Q

Secretariat of Social Development (SEDESOL) was created in

A

1992

97
Q

Organizations which SEDESOL would use to enforce the law on environmental matters nationally

A

National Institute of Ecology (INE)

Federal Attorney for Environmental Protectionh (PROFEPA)

98
Q

National Institute of Ecology (INE)

Federal Attorney for Environmental Protectionh (PROFEPA) were used by this secretariat

A

Secretariat of Social Development (SEDESOL)

99
Q

National Institute of Ecology (INE) was created in

A

1992

100
Q

Federal Attorney for Environmental Protectionh (PROFEPA) was created in

A

1992

101
Q

Ministry created in 1994

A

Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Fisheries (SEMARNAP)

102
Q

Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Fisheries (SEMARNAP) was created in

A

1994

103
Q

Responsible for administrative and legal functions in environmental matters

A

Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Fisheries (SEMARNAP)

104
Q

Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Fisheries (SEMARNAP). Purpose

A

Responsible for administrative and legal functions in environmental matters

105
Q

Year when the General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection was reformed to include “sustainable development”

A

1996

106
Q

In 1996, this law was reformed

A

General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection

107
Q

In 1996, the General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection was

A

Reformed to include “sustainable development”

108
Q

Decentralized bodies that were created to strengthen the administrative function after the reform of the General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection was

A

National Water Comission, Mexican Institute of Water Technology, National Fisheries Institute

Joined National Institute of Ecology and Federal Office of Environmental Protecction

109
Q

Year when the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT) was created

A

2000

110
Q

Ministries created in 2000

A

Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT)

Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA)

111
Q

Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT) was created to enforce the following environmental policies

A
  • National Water Comission
  • National Institute of Ecology
  • Attorny General’s Office Federal Environmental Protection
  • National Commission of Natural Protected Areas
  • Mexican Institute of Water Technology
  • National Forestry Commission
112
Q

Year when the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA) was created

A

2000

113
Q

National Fisheries Institute this Ministry in 2000

A

Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA)

114
Q

Year when Mexico began its commitment to sustainability by establishing the Program to Promote Sustainable Development

A

2001

115
Q

Program established in 2001 as a commitment to sustainability

A

Program to Promote Sustainable Development

116
Q

Program to Promote Sustainable Development. Purpose

A

Implement programs to strengthen evironmental poicies in Mexico

117
Q

National Institute of Ecology is now known as

A

National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change (INECC)

118
Q

National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change (INECC) was previously known as

A

National Institute of Ecology (INE)

119
Q

Year when National Fisheries Institute changed its name to the National Fisheries and Aquaculture Institute

A

2007

120
Q

Agency created in 2015

A

Safety, Energy, and Environmental Agency

121
Q

Safety, Energy, and Environmental Agency was created in

A

2015

122
Q

Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT)

A

Governmental and administrative body whose objective is to create and apply the environmental protection policy, with the purpose of preventing environmental damage and promulgating the bases to achieve sustainable development in the country. Regulates environmental activities

123
Q

Governmental and administrative body whose objective is to create and apply the environmental protection policy, with the purpose of preventing environmental damage and promulgating the bases to achieve sustainable development in the country. Regulates environmental activities

A

Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT)

124
Q

National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change (INECC)

A

Responsible for conceiving environmental knowledge, through support for technological research and development that favors nature and contributes towards the reversal of climate change.

125
Q

Decentralized institutional bodies of Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT)

A
  • National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change (INECC)
  • Federal Attorney for Environmental Protection (PROFEPA)
  • National Water Comission (CONAGUA)
  • Mexican Institute of Water Technology (IMTA)
  • National Commission of Protected Natural Areas (CONANP)
  • National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR)
  • Agency for Safety, Energy and Environment (ASEA)
126
Q

Responsible for conceiving environmental knowledge, through support for technological research and development that favors nature and contributes towards the reversal of climate change.

A

National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change (INECC)

127
Q

Federal Attorney for Environmental Protection (PROFEPA)

A

Agency that enforces legal regulations in environmental matters with the purpose of contributing to sustainable development.

128
Q

Agency that enforces legal regulations in environmental matters with the purpose of contributing to sustainable development.

A

Federal Attorney for Environmental Protection (PROFEPA)

129
Q

National Water Commission (CONAGUA)

A

Agency responsible for administering and safeguarding national waters in our country, to achieve its sustainable use.

130
Q

Mexican Institute of Water Technology (IMTA)

A

Institution whose function is to promote research and development of new technology to protect water.

131
Q

Agency responsible for administering and safeguarding national waters in our country, to achieve its sustainable use.

A

National Water Commission (CONAGUA)

132
Q

Institution whose function is to promote research and development of new technology to protect water.

A

Mexican Institute of Water Technology (IMTA)

133
Q

National Commission of Protected Natural Areas (CONANP)

A

Safeguards Mexico’s natural capital through the administration and surveillance of Natural Protected Areas and the creation of the Sustainable Regional Development Program

134
Q

Safeguards Mexico’s natural capital through the administration and surveillance of Natural Protected Areas and the creation of the Sustainable Regional Development Program

A

National Commission of Protected Natural Areas (CONANP)

135
Q

National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR)

A

Aims to support the promotion and development of the preservation and rehabilitation of forests, as well as intervene in sustainable forest management

136
Q

Aims to support the promotion and development of the preservation and rehabilitation of forests, as well as intervene in sustainable forest management

A

National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR)

137
Q

Agency for Safety, Energy and Environment (ASEA)

A

Agency established to regulate and intervene in the field of industrial safety and environmental protection In the field of hydrocarbons

138
Q

Agency established to regulate and intervene in the field of industrial safety and environmental protection In the field of hydrocarbons

A

Agency for Safety, Energy and Environment (ASEA)

139
Q

National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO)

A

Disseminates, promotes and assissts in actions that concern the protection and sustainability of the country’s biological diversity. Intersecretarial body of the federal government formed in 1992.

140
Q

Disseminates, promotes and assissts in actions that concern the protection and sustainability of the country’s biological diversity.

A

National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO)

141
Q

Intersecretarial body of the federal government formed in 1992.

A

National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO)

142
Q

National Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture (INAPESCA)

A

Provides support to conserve, regulate and deploy fishing and aquaculture activities that contribute to the protection of biological diversity, as well as natural aquatic systems

143
Q

Provides support to conserve, regulate and deploy fishing and aquaculture activities that contribute to the protection of biological diversity, as well as natural aquatic systems

A

National Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture (INAPESCA)

144
Q

Decentralized institutional body of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (SADER)

A

National Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture (INAPESCA)

145
Q

The environmental legal framework in Mexico is based on these articles in the Constitution

A

4, 25, 27, 73

146
Q

Article 27 in the Constitution

A

Conservation of the Country’s natural assets and resources

147
Q

Article in the Constitution. Conservation of the Country’s natural assets and resources

A

27

148
Q

Article 73 in the Constitution, Section XVI

A

Specifies control measures and prevention of environmental pollution

149
Q

Article in the Constitution. Specifies control measures and prevention of environmental pollution

A

73, Section XVI

150
Q

Article 25 in the Constitution

A

Indicates the criteria of social equity and sustainability, from which the State will regulate the use and exploitation of the environment, both in the social and private productive sectors

151
Q

Article in the Constitution. Indicates the criteria of social equity and sustainability, from which the State will regulate the use and exploitation of the environment, both in the social and private productive sectors

A

25

152
Q

Article 4 in the Constitution

A

Everyone has the right to a healthy environment

153
Q

Article in the Constitution. Everyone has the right to a healthy environment

A

4

154
Q

In relation to the environment, our constitutional foundations mainly deal with:

A

Conservation of natural resources
Prevention and control of environmental pollution that affects ecosystems and people’s health
Care with which the environment should be treated in its productive use

155
Q

The Constitution laws the foundation for environmental policy provisions which include

A

Moral Persuasion
Economic instruments
Direct control instruments
Government investment

156
Q

Environmental policy provision. Moral Persuasion

A

Through information, education, and persuasion, it seeks to change the behavior of people andorganizations

157
Q

Environmental policy provision. Through information, education, and persuasion, it seeks to change the behavior of people and organizations

A

Moral persuasion

158
Q

Environmental policy provision. Economic instruments

A

Seeks to change people’s and corporation’s behavior by affecting their costs and benefits

159
Q

Environmental policy provision. Seeks to change people’s and corporation’s behavior by affecting their costs and benefits

A

Economic instrumets

160
Q

Environmental policy provision. Direct control instruments

A

Seeks to change people’s and corporation’s behavior through the imposition of standards and technology

161
Q

Environmental policy provision. Seeks to change people’s and corporation’s behavior through the imposition of standards and technology

A

Direct control instruments

162
Q

The General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection was published in

A

Official Gazette of the Federation on January 28th, 1988.

163
Q

Published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on January 28th, 1988.

A

The General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection

164
Q

The General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection

A

Monitors and regulates the improvement of the environment, as well as the preservation of biodiversity and protected natural areas

165
Q

Monitors and regulates the improvement of the environment, as well as the preservation of biodiversity and protected natural areas

A

The General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection

Prepa 7 - Semestre 4 (13 decks)

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