Ethics 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Investigates the sense and the attitudinal structure that precede any action undertaken by humans
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Ethics
2
Q
Studies human behavior
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Ethics
3
Q
Ethics is a branch of
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Philosophy
4
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Ethics is considered this since it resorts to reason
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Rational
5
Q
Ethics is ______(subjective or objective)
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Obejctive
6
Q
Ethics
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Scientific discipline. Branch of philosophy. Investigates the sense and the attitudinal structure that precede any action undertaken by humans. Objective
7
Q
Attributes of ethics
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Material and formal
8
Q
Material object of ethics
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Understanding of the execution of an act through reason and exercise of will. Freedom is central
9
Q
Ignorance, fear, passion and violence turn an act into
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Irrational act
10
Q
Understanding of the execution of an act through reason and exercise of will
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Material object of ethics
11
Q
Object of ethics which is an aspect of the other object of ethics
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Formal
12
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Formal object of ethics
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Aspect of material ethics. Assesses human behavior using ethical principals to evaluate wether it is good or bad
13
Q
Assesses human behavior using ethical principals to evaluate wether it is good or bad
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Formal object of ethics
14
Q
Moral
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Determines habits that conform the behaviors of human beings
15
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Determines habits that conform the behaviors of human beings
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Moral
16
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Origin of “ethics”
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ethikos (greek), ethos = custom
17
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Meaning of “custom” from ethos
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Repetition of conscious, non-mechanical human actions
18
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Origen of “moral”
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mores (greek)
19
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Interested in the actual act produced by human beings
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Moral
20
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Norms
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Models that typify people’s behavior
21
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Models that typify people’s behavior
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Norms
22
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Appeals to norms that constitute the social framework of human beings
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Ethics
23
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Origen of “norm”
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Norma (latin) = criteria that guidesthe behavior of human beings
24
Q
Considered a normative science that accompanies humans in the real word
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Ethics
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Types of norms
Legal, social, religious, technical, individual
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Legal norms
Laws that regulate the activity of people to avoid conflicts between peers. Social contract that is agreed on between a circle of people to govern their behavior and acts
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Laws that regulate the activity of people to avoid conflicts between peers.
Legal norms
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Laws that regulate the activity of people to avoid conflicts between peers.
Legal norms
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Social norms
Norms that normalize the behavior of people in explicit contexts of social life, according to the prevailing and approved social customs and opinions.
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Norms that normalize the behavior of people in explicit contexts of social life, according to the prevailing and approved social customs and opinions.
Social norms
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Religious norms
Determine the behavior of a person based on the belief of an eternal and transcendental being
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Determine the behavior of a person based on the belief of an eternal and transcendental being
Religious norms
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Technical norms
Rules governing the work of people in their respective technical and professional branches
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Rules governing the work of people in their respective technical and professional branches
Technical norms
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Individual ethical norms
Norms that guide people to good. Distinguished by their use of freedom and the exercise of will and discernment
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Norms that are distinguished by their use of freedom and the exercise of will and discernment
Individual ethical norms
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Norms that guide people to good.
Individual ethical norms
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Human act
Application of a human habit using conscience, freedom, values, sensitivity and responsibility
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When an act is preceded by good will, meets standards previously accepted by society, and is conscious it is considered
Human or moral
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Norm which can be influenced by other norms
Individual ethical norms
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Application of a human habit using conscience, freedom, values, sensitivity and responsibility
Human act
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Moral act
Conscious and goodwill act that meets the norms of the social community
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Conscious and goodwill act that meets the norms of the social community
Moral act
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Immoral act
Opposed to the conscience and norms stipulated in society
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Opposed to the conscience and norms stipulated in society
Immoral act
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Amoral act
Act that lacks a sense and purpose
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Act that lacks a sense and purpose
Amoral act
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Amoral acts are usually executed by
Children or people suffering from mental deficiencies or disorders
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Children or people suffering from mental deficiencies or disorders usually carry out this type of act
Amoral act
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Elements that integrate a moral act (3)
1. Reason why the act is carried out
2. Purpose of performing the act
3. Means by which the act is executed and the intentionality of this act
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Guidelines of a moral act (8)
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Moral subject
Reasons and purpose
Awareness of the consumption of the moral act
Decision
Choice
Means to perform
Circumstances
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Moral subject of a moral act
Person who has a moral conscience and who is in certain social and environmental circumstances
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Person who has a moral conscience and who is in certain social and environmental circumstances
Moral subject of a moral act
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Reasons and purpose of the moral act
Drive us to pursue an end or carry out an explicit act. Conscious motivations and they are subjected to the purposes of moral subject
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Drive us to pursue an end or carry out an explicit act.
Reasons and purose of the moral act
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Conscious motivations and they are subjected to the purposes of moral subject
Reasons and purpose of the moral act
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Awareness of the consumption of the moral act
Visualization and anticipation of the results that are intended to be achieved with the moral act. Depends entirely on the will of the moral subject
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Visualization and anticipation of the results that are intended to be achieved with the moral act.
Awareness of the consumption of the moral act
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Depends entirely on the will of the moral subject
Awareness of the consumption of the moral act
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Decision of the moral act
Peculiarity that bestows the moral act of autonomy and will, which is the expression of responsibility and implications that are inherent to the moral subjects who carry out an action.
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Peculiarity that bestows the moral act of autonomy and will, which is the expression of responsibility and implications that are inherent to the moral subjects who carry out an action.
Decision of the moral act
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Choice of the moral act
Result of a decision made by the moral subject within the framework of the moral act
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Result of a decision made by the moral subject within the framework of the moral act
Moral act
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Means to perform a moral act
Resolution or determinations bade by the moral subject to consummate the act and achieve their objective
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Resolution or determinations bade by the moral subject to consummate the act and achieve their objective
Means to perform a moral act
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Result of a moral act
Consequence of the moral act that was carried out. The result shows the end persued by the moral subject
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Consequence of the moral act that was carried out.
Result of a moral act
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Shows the end persued by the moral subject
Result of a moral act
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Circumstances of a moral act
Situations or realities in which the moral subject is in and that lead to the execution of the moral act
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Situations or realities in which the moral subject is in and that lead to the execution of the moral act
Circumstances of a moral act
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Morality
System of rules that drive the behavior of a person
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System of rules that drive the behavior of a person
Morality
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Ethical judgment
Ways to evaluate a moral or human act
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Ways to evaluate a moral or human act
Ethical judgement
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Ethical judgment steps
Observation of the action to be evaluated
Analysis of the facts according to the normative frame of reference
Declaration for the evaluated act
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For someone to be morally responsible they must use
Freedom, conscience and have a firm conviction
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Moral responsibility is exempted when
Someone is subjected to external coercion or they have a mental disorder
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Ethics is involved in other disciplinary sciences such as
Politics, Law, Sociology, Economics, Education and Theology
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In the field of Politics, Ethics
Analyzes the way in which citizens relate to each other and to the authorities, which must ensure the needs and destiny of their people
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Fiel in which Ethics analyzes the way in which citizens relate to each other and to the authorities, which must ensure the needs and destiny of their people
Politics
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In the field of Psychology, Ethics
Examines the actions of people and the consequences that emanate from such acts
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Field in which Ethics examines the actions of people and the consequences that emanate from such acts
Psychology
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Psychology helps Ethics by
Recognizing the motivation behind the performance of the acts
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Field which helps Ethics by recognizing the motivation behind the performance of the acts
Psychology
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In the field of Law, Ethics
Deals with the search for justice, which is exercised to regulate the conduct of human beings
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Field in which Ethics Deals with the search for justice, which is exercised to regulate the conduct of human beings
Law
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In the field of Sociology, Ethics
Intervenes to inquire about the relationships of human beings, about the social expressions that arise in human collectivities, and the behavior of man as a social being in a context of established norms
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Field in which ethics intervenes to inquire about the relationships of human beings
Sociology
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Field in which ethics intervenes to inquire about social expressions that arise in human collectivities
Sociology
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Field in which ethics intervenes to inquire about behavior of man as a social being in a context of established norms
Sociology
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In the field of Economics, Ethics
Analyzes the types of economic order in which human beings coexist and how they distribute their resources
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Field in which Ethics analyzes the types of economic order in which human beings coexist and how they distribute their resources
Economics
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In the field of Education, Ethics
Studies how to build and prepare a human being and how it is integrated into society and productive life
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Field in which Ethics studies how to build and prepare a human being and how it is integrated into society and productive life
Education
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Similarities and differences between Ethics and Theology
They both assess people's actions, but one does it from reason and the other from faith
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Ethical reasoning could not arise without
Moral dilemmas
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Moral dilemmas
Decision making before different alternatives where morality is involved and it is unknown whether is appropriate
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Moral dilemmas arise in
Situations where morality is involved
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Moral dilemmas are exemplified when, from a moral perspective,
A person has an obligation to perform two acts, but cannot perform both acts at once
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Ethical theory
Philosophical positions that contain different fundamentals that explain the behavior of a person
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Philosophical positions that contain different fundamentals that explain the behavior of a person
Ethical theory
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Types of ethical theories
Cognitive and non-cognitive
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Cognitive ethical theories
Consider moral assessment a part of human knowledge
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Consider moral assessment a part of human knowledge
Cognitive ethical theories
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Non-cognitive ethical theories
Consider moral assessment is not a part of human thought, and morality is the result of obedience, rules and directions
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Consider moral assessment is not a part of human thought
Non-cognitive ethical theories
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Consider morality a result of obedience, rules and directions
Non-cognitive ethical theories
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Father of Eudemonism
Aristotle
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Cognitive ethical theory founded by Aristotle
Eudemonism
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Eudemonism is this type of ethical theory
Cognitive
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Cognitive theories
Eudemonism, utilitarianism, legal ethics, ethics of duty
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According to Eudemonism, humans are intended to
Live and behave well
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Ethical theory which thinks that humans are intended to live and behave well
Eudemonism
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Eudemonism thinks that happiness requires
Knowledge and awareness in decision making, as well as moderation and constancy
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Eudemonism thinks that knowledge and awareness in decision making are required for
Happiness
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Theory which thinks that happiness requires knowledge and awareness in decision making
Eudemonism
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Eudemonism warns us not to fall prey to
Passions and desires
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Theory which warns us not to fall prey to passions and desires
Eudemonism
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Founder of Utilitarianism
Jeremy Bentham
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Jeremy Bentham is the founder of
Utilitarianism
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Noted exponent of utilitarianism
John Stuart Mill
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John Stuart Mill is the noted exponent of
Utilitarianism
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Eudemonism
Humans are intended to live or behave well, and happiness requires knowledge and awareness in decision making, as well as moderation and constancy
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Proposes maximum social utility in terms of cost/benefit
Utilitarianism
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Seeks the greatest welfare for as many people as possible, and also considered the quality of life above the sacredness of life
Utilitarianism
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Utilitarianism
Proposes maximum social utility in terms of cost/benefit. Seeks the greatest welfare for as many people as possible, and also considered the quality of life above the sacredness of life
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Theory that supports individual freedoms or guarantees
Legal Ethics
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Theory that maintains that each person can legitimately build their own life, as long as they respect the limits established by socially determined norms and regulations of justice
Legal Ethics
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Theory which states that the assessment is determined by whether the actor had the right or not to carry out the action
Legal Ethics
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Legal Ethics
Theory that supports individual freedoms or guarantees, and maintains that each person can legitimately build their own life, as long as they respect the limits established by socially determined norms and regulations of justice. The assessment is determined by whether the actor had the right or not to carry out the action
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Main exponent of Legal Ethics
Gilmar Antonio Bedin
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Gilmar Antonio Bedin is the main exponent of
Legal Ethics
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Gilmar Antonio Bedin categorizes human rights into
4 generations
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Theory which is categorized into 4 generations
Legal Ethics
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Person who categorized human ethics into 4 generations
Gilmar Antonio Bedin
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First generation rights
Civil rights
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According to Gilmar Antonio Bedin, civil rights are considered
First generation rights
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First generation right were created between
1776 and 1789
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Second generation rights
Political rights
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According to Gilmar Antonio Bedin, political rights are considered
Second generation rights
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Second generation rights were created in
19th century
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Third generation rights
Social and economic. Establish that each individual have the right to decent work, education, social security and housing.
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According to Gilmar Antonio Bedin, social and economic rights are
Third generation rights
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Third generation rights were created
Beginning of the 20th century
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Fourth generation rights
Rights of solidarity
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Origin of fourth generation rights
Universal Declaration fo Human Rights
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Universal Declreation of Human Rights gave way to this type of right
Fourth generation right
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Ethics of duty is also known as
Ethical ethics
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Ethics of duty was proposed by
Immanuel Kant
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Also known as ethical ethics
Ethics of duty
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Immanuel kant proposed this ethical theory
Ethics of duty
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Ethics of duty were proposed in
18th century
153
Ethics of duty
The end of human being is to act at all times according to their performance of duty, which is closely related to moral responsibility. Distinguished by self-discernment and free will, considering what is most suitable for others. Allows a person to achieve a superlative moral level.
154
Ethical theory which states that the end of human being is to act at all times according to their performance of duty, which is closely related to moral responsibility.
Ethics of duty
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Ethical theory. Distinguished by self-discernment and free will, considering what is most suitable for others.
Ethics of duty
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Ethical theory. Allows a person to achieve a superlative moral level.
Ethics of duty
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Non-cognitive ethical theories
Emotivism and prescriptivism
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Emotivism
Accepts that axiological judgments, emanating from the assessment of a fact, come from people's emotion
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Accepts that axiological judgments, emanating from the assessment of a fact, come from people's emotion
Emotivism
160
Initiator of Emotivism
David Hume
161
David Hume's work was used to create this ethical theory
Emotivism
162
Prescriptivism
Establishes moral guidlines indicated by books such as the Bible or the Koran. People who participate no longer use their reasoning and conduct themselves meekly in accordance with the statutes that they accept or are imposed on them
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Establishes moral guidlines indicated by books such as the Bible or the Koran.
Prescriptivism
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People who participate no longer use their reasoning and conduct themselves meekly in accordance with the statutes that they accept or are imposed on them
Prescriptivism
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Values
Elements that allow us to have an attitude and direction to human existence
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Elements that allow us to have an attitude and direction to human existence
Values
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Perception of reality is affected by
Values
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Discipline of philosophical order that studies values
Axiology
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Axiology
Discipline of philosophical order that studies values.
170
Also known as Theory of values
Axiology
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Axiology is also known as
Theory of values
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Qualities of values
1. Lack temporality
2. No space
3. No size
4. Polarity
5. Hierarchical
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Quality of value: Lack temporality
Not tangible and is therefore abstract, a characteristic that allows them not to depend on time, therefore they do not change with their course
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Quality of value: No space
Values are not tangible, and therefore they are abstract and not physically real, therefore they occupy no place in space
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Quality of value: No size
Not numerically quantifiable
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Quality of value: Polarity
Express opposite properties or conditions which flow in opposite directions
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Quality of value: Hierarchical
Values have a scale that denotes a principal value
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The best known classification of values was made by
Max Scheler
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Categories of values according to Max Scheler, from least to greatest importance
Values of the pleasant, vital values, spiritual values, religious values
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Values of the pleasant
Express emotion: delight or anguish, satisfaction or dissatisfaction, efficacy or fruitlessness, joy or sadness, happiness or bitterness
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Category of values: delight or anguish
Values of the pleasant
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Category of values: satisfaction or dissatisfaction
Values of the pleasant
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Category of values: efficacy or fruitlessness
Values of the pleasant
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Category of values: joy or sadness
Values of the pleasant
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Vital values
Condition of a person. Healthy or sick, vigorous or weak, strong or weak, corpulent or thin
186
Category of values. Condition of a person
Vital values
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Category of values. Healthy or sick
Vital values
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Category of values. Vigorous or weak
Vital values
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Category of values. strong or weak
Vital values
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Category of values. Corpulent or thin
Vital values
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Category of values. Beauty or ugliness
Spiritual values
192
Category of values. Perfection or imperfection
Spiritual values
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Category of values. Honest or dishonest
Spiritual values
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Category of values. Fiar or unfair
Spiritual values
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Category of values. Blessed or malicious
Spiritual values
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Category of values. Truth or falshood
Spiritual values
197
Religious values
Sacred or profane, divine or demonic, holy or sinful
198
Category of values. Sacred or profane
Religious values
199
Category of values. Divide or demonic
Religious valyes
200
Category of values. Holy or sinful
Religious values
201
Universal ethical priciples
Series of ethical premises that contribute to world peace
202
Series of ethical premises that contribute to world peace
Universal ethical priciples
203
Universal ethical principles are based on this philosopher's work
Sun Myung Moon
204
Sun Myung Moon
South Korean philosopher who dedicated his life to trying to harmonize all those differences caused by the multiple sociocultural positions
205
Person who appreviated Sun Myung Moon's thinking into 12 universal ethical principles
Miguel Ángel Cano Jiménez
206
First Universal Ehtical Principles
Principle of the common origin of humanity and the moral order of the universe
207
Principle of the common origin of humanity and the moral order of the universe is Universal Ethical Principle #_
1
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Principle of the common origin of humanity and the moral order of the universe
The cosmos, humanity or gods were created from the same energy that created the universe, which later progressed into creating universal natural and moral laws
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Universal Ethical Principal. The cosmos, humanity or gods were created from the same energy that created the universe, which later progressed into creating universal natural and moral laws
1. Principle of the common origin of humanity and the moral order of the universe
210
Second Universal Ethical Principle
Principle of dignity and equality
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Principle of dignity and equality is Universal Ethical Principle #_
2
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Principle of dignity and equality
Each person that lives on this planet has equal dignity is special and different.
213
Universal Ethical Principal. Each person that lives on this planet has equal dignity is special and different.
Principle of dignity and equality
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Third Universal Ethical Principle
Principle of freedom, responsibility and creativity
215
Principle of freedom, responsibility and creativity is Universal Ethical Principle #_
3
216
Principle of freedom, responsibility and creativity
All humans should use their freedom and creativity, as long as they do it responsibly. Additionally, humans are subject to natural laws
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Universal Ethical Principal. All humans should use their freedom and creativity, as long as they do it responsibly. Additionally, humans are subject to natural laws
Principle of freedom, responsibility and creativity
