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Prepa 7 - Semestre 4 > Ethics 1 > Flashcards

Ethics 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Investigates the sense and the attitudinal structure that precede any action undertaken by humans

A

Ethics

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2
Q

Studies human behavior

A

Ethics

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3
Q

Ethics is a branch of

A

Philosophy

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4
Q

Ethics is considered this since it resorts to reason

A

Rational

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5
Q

Ethics is ______(subjective or objective)

A

Obejctive

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6
Q

Ethics

A

Scientific discipline. Branch of philosophy. Investigates the sense and the attitudinal structure that precede any action undertaken by humans. Objective

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7
Q

Attributes of ethics

A

Material and formal

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8
Q

Material object of ethics

A

Understanding of the execution of an act through reason and exercise of will. Freedom is central

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9
Q

Ignorance, fear, passion and violence turn an act into

A

Irrational act

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10
Q

Understanding of the execution of an act through reason and exercise of will

A

Material object of ethics

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11
Q

Object of ethics which is an aspect of the other object of ethics

A

Formal

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12
Q

Formal object of ethics

A

Aspect of material ethics. Assesses human behavior using ethical principals to evaluate wether it is good or bad

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13
Q

Assesses human behavior using ethical principals to evaluate wether it is good or bad

A

Formal object of ethics

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14
Q

Moral

A

Determines habits that conform the behaviors of human beings

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15
Q

Determines habits that conform the behaviors of human beings

A

Moral

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16
Q

Origin of “ethics”

A

ethikos (greek), ethos = custom

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17
Q

Meaning of “custom” from ethos

A

Repetition of conscious, non-mechanical human actions

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18
Q

Origen of “moral”

A

mores (greek)

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19
Q

Interested in the actual act produced by human beings

A

Moral

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20
Q

Norms

A

Models that typify people’s behavior

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21
Q

Models that typify people’s behavior

A

Norms

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22
Q

Appeals to norms that constitute the social framework of human beings

A

Ethics

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23
Q

Origen of “norm”

A

Norma (latin) = criteria that guidesthe behavior of human beings

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24
Q

Considered a normative science that accompanies humans in the real word

A

Ethics

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25
Q

Types of norms

A

Legal, social, religious, technical, individual

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26
Q

Legal norms

A

Laws that regulate the activity of people to avoid conflicts between peers. Social contract that is agreed on between a circle of people to govern their behavior and acts

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27
Q

Laws that regulate the activity of people to avoid conflicts between peers.

A

Legal norms

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28
Q

Laws that regulate the activity of people to avoid conflicts between peers.

A

Legal norms

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29
Q

Social norms

A

Norms that normalize the behavior of people in explicit contexts of social life, according to the prevailing and approved social customs and opinions.

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30
Q

Norms that normalize the behavior of people in explicit contexts of social life, according to the prevailing and approved social customs and opinions.

A

Social norms

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31
Q

Religious norms

A

Determine the behavior of a person based on the belief of an eternal and transcendental being

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32
Q

Determine the behavior of a person based on the belief of an eternal and transcendental being

A

Religious norms

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33
Q

Technical norms

A

Rules governing the work of people in their respective technical and professional branches

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34
Q

Rules governing the work of people in their respective technical and professional branches

A

Technical norms

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35
Q

Individual ethical norms

A

Norms that guide people to good. Distinguished by their use of freedom and the exercise of will and discernment

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36
Q

Norms that are distinguished by their use of freedom and the exercise of will and discernment

A

Individual ethical norms

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37
Q

Norms that guide people to good.

A

Individual ethical norms

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38
Q

Human act

A

Application of a human habit using conscience, freedom, values, sensitivity and responsibility

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39
Q

When an act is preceded by good will, meets standards previously accepted by society, and is conscious it is considered

A

Human or moral

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40
Q

Norm which can be influenced by other norms

A

Individual ethical norms

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41
Q

Application of a human habit using conscience, freedom, values, sensitivity and responsibility

A

Human act

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42
Q

Moral act

A

Conscious and goodwill act that meets the norms of the social community

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43
Q

Conscious and goodwill act that meets the norms of the social community

A

Moral act

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44
Q

Immoral act

A

Opposed to the conscience and norms stipulated in society

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45
Q

Opposed to the conscience and norms stipulated in society

A

Immoral act

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46
Q

Amoral act

A

Act that lacks a sense and purpose

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47
Q

Act that lacks a sense and purpose

A

Amoral act

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48
Q

Amoral acts are usually executed by

A

Children or people suffering from mental deficiencies or disorders

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49
Q

Children or people suffering from mental deficiencies or disorders usually carry out this type of act

A

Amoral act

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50
Q

Elements that integrate a moral act (3)

A
  1. Reason why the act is carried out
  2. Purpose of performing the act
  3. Means by which the act is executed and the intentionality of this act
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51
Q

Guidelines of a moral act (8)

A 
Moral subject
Reasons and purpose
Awareness of the consumption of the moral act
Decision
Choice
Means to perform
Circumstances
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52
Q

Moral subject of a moral act

A

Person who has a moral conscience and who is in certain social and environmental circumstances

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53
Q

Person who has a moral conscience and who is in certain social and environmental circumstances

A

Moral subject of a moral act

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54
Q

Reasons and purpose of the moral act

A

Drive us to pursue an end or carry out an explicit act. Conscious motivations and they are subjected to the purposes of moral subject

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55
Q

Drive us to pursue an end or carry out an explicit act.

A

Reasons and purose of the moral act

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56
Q

Conscious motivations and they are subjected to the purposes of moral subject

A

Reasons and purpose of the moral act

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57
Q

Awareness of the consumption of the moral act

A

Visualization and anticipation of the results that are intended to be achieved with the moral act. Depends entirely on the will of the moral subject

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58
Q

Visualization and anticipation of the results that are intended to be achieved with the moral act.

A

Awareness of the consumption of the moral act

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59
Q

Depends entirely on the will of the moral subject

A

Awareness of the consumption of the moral act

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60
Q

Decision of the moral act

A

Peculiarity that bestows the moral act of autonomy and will, which is the expression of responsibility and implications that are inherent to the moral subjects who carry out an action.

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61
Q

Peculiarity that bestows the moral act of autonomy and will, which is the expression of responsibility and implications that are inherent to the moral subjects who carry out an action.

A

Decision of the moral act

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62
Q

Choice of the moral act

A

Result of a decision made by the moral subject within the framework of the moral act

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63
Q

Result of a decision made by the moral subject within the framework of the moral act

A

Moral act

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64
Q

Means to perform a moral act

A

Resolution or determinations bade by the moral subject to consummate the act and achieve their objective

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65
Q

Resolution or determinations bade by the moral subject to consummate the act and achieve their objective

A

Means to perform a moral act

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66
Q

Result of a moral act

A

Consequence of the moral act that was carried out. The result shows the end persued by the moral subject

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67
Q

Consequence of the moral act that was carried out.

A

Result of a moral act

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68
Q

Shows the end persued by the moral subject

A

Result of a moral act

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69
Q

Circumstances of a moral act

A

Situations or realities in which the moral subject is in and that lead to the execution of the moral act

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70
Q

Situations or realities in which the moral subject is in and that lead to the execution of the moral act

A

Circumstances of a moral act

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71
Q

Morality

A

System of rules that drive the behavior of a person

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72
Q

System of rules that drive the behavior of a person

A

Morality

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73
Q

Ethical judgment

A

Ways to evaluate a moral or human act

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74
Q

Ways to evaluate a moral or human act

A

Ethical judgement

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75
Q

Ethical judgment steps

A

Observation of the action to be evaluated
Analysis of the facts according to the normative frame of reference
Declaration for the evaluated act

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76
Q

For someone to be morally responsible they must use

A

Freedom, conscience and have a firm conviction

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77
Q

Moral responsibility is exempted when

A

Someone is subjected to external coercion or they have a mental disorder

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78
Q

Ethics is involved in other disciplinary sciences such as

A

Politics, Law, Sociology, Economics, Education and Theology

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79
Q

In the field of Politics, Ethics

A

Analyzes the way in which citizens relate to each other and to the authorities, which must ensure the needs and destiny of their people

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80
Q

Fiel in which Ethics analyzes the way in which citizens relate to each other and to the authorities, which must ensure the needs and destiny of their people

A

Politics

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81
Q

In the field of Psychology, Ethics

A

Examines the actions of people and the consequences that emanate from such acts

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82
Q

Field in which Ethics examines the actions of people and the consequences that emanate from such acts

A

Psychology

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83
Q

Psychology helps Ethics by

A

Recognizing the motivation behind the performance of the acts

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84
Q

Field which helps Ethics by recognizing the motivation behind the performance of the acts

A

Psychology

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85
Q

In the field of Law, Ethics

A

Deals with the search for justice, which is exercised to regulate the conduct of human beings

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86
Q

Field in which Ethics Deals with the search for justice, which is exercised to regulate the conduct of human beings

A

Law

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87
Q

In the field of Sociology, Ethics

A

Intervenes to inquire about the relationships of human beings, about the social expressions that arise in human collectivities, and the behavior of man as a social being in a context of established norms

88
Q

Field in which ethics intervenes to inquire about the relationships of human beings

89
Q

Field in which ethics intervenes to inquire about social expressions that arise in human collectivities

90
Q

Field in which ethics intervenes to inquire about behavior of man as a social being in a context of established norms

91
Q

In the field of Economics, Ethics

A

Analyzes the types of economic order in which human beings coexist and how they distribute their resources

92
Q

Field in which Ethics analyzes the types of economic order in which human beings coexist and how they distribute their resources

93
Q

In the field of Education, Ethics

A

Studies how to build and prepare a human being and how it is integrated into society and productive life

94
Q

Field in which Ethics studies how to build and prepare a human being and how it is integrated into society and productive life

95
Q

Similarities and differences between Ethics and Theology

A

They both assess people’s actions, but one does it from reason and the other from faith

96
Q

Ethical reasoning could not arise without

A

Moral dilemmas

97
Q

Moral dilemmas

A

Decision making before different alternatives where morality is involved and it is unknown whether is appropriate

98
Q

Moral dilemmas arise in

A

Situations where morality is involved

99
Q

Moral dilemmas are exemplified when, from a moral perspective,

A

A person has an obligation to perform two acts, but cannot perform both acts at once

100
Q

Ethical theory

A

Philosophical positions that contain different fundamentals that explain the behavior of a person

101
Q

Philosophical positions that contain different fundamentals that explain the behavior of a person

A

Ethical theory

102
Q

Types of ethical theories

A

Cognitive and non-cognitive

103
Q

Cognitive ethical theories

A

Consider moral assessment a part of human knowledge

104
Q

Consider moral assessment a part of human knowledge

A

Cognitive ethical theories

105
Q

Non-cognitive ethical theories

A

Consider moral assessment is not a part of human thought, and morality is the result of obedience, rules and directions

106
Q

Consider moral assessment is not a part of human thought

A

Non-cognitive ethical theories

107
Q

Consider morality a result of obedience, rules and directions

A

Non-cognitive ethical theories

108
Q

Father of Eudemonism

109
Q

Cognitive ethical theory founded by Aristotle

A

Eudemonism

110
Q

Eudemonism is this type of ethical theory

111
Q

Cognitive theories

A

Eudemonism, utilitarianism, legal ethics, ethics of duty

112
Q

According to Eudemonism, humans are intended to

A

Live and behave well

113
Q

Ethical theory which thinks that humans are intended to live and behave well

A

Eudemonism

114
Q

Eudemonism thinks that happiness requires

A

Knowledge and awareness in decision making, as well as moderation and constancy

115
Q

Eudemonism thinks that knowledge and awareness in decision making are required for

116
Q

Theory which thinks that happiness requires knowledge and awareness in decision making

A

Eudemonism

117
Q

Eudemonism warns us not to fall prey to

A

Passions and desires

118
Q

Theory which warns us not to fall prey to passions and desires

A

Eudemonism

119
Q

Founder of Utilitarianism

A

Jeremy Bentham

120
Q

Jeremy Bentham is the founder of

A

Utilitarianism

121
Q

Noted exponent of utilitarianism

A

John Stuart Mill

122
Q

John Stuart Mill is the noted exponent of

A

Utilitarianism

123
Q

Eudemonism

A

Humans are intended to live or behave well, and happiness requires knowledge and awareness in decision making, as well as moderation and constancy

124
Q

Proposes maximum social utility in terms of cost/benefit

A

Utilitarianism

125
Q

Seeks the greatest welfare for as many people as possible, and also considered the quality of life above the sacredness of life

A

Utilitarianism

126
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Proposes maximum social utility in terms of cost/benefit. Seeks the greatest welfare for as many people as possible, and also considered the quality of life above the sacredness of life

127
Q

Theory that supports individual freedoms or guarantees

A

Legal Ethics

128
Q

Theory that maintains that each person can legitimately build their own life, as long as they respect the limits established by socially determined norms and regulations of justice

A

Legal Ethics

129
Q

Theory which states that the assessment is determined by whether the actor had the right or not to carry out the action

A

Legal Ethics

130
Q

Legal Ethics

A

Theory that supports individual freedoms or guarantees, and maintains that each person can legitimately build their own life, as long as they respect the limits established by socially determined norms and regulations of justice. The assessment is determined by whether the actor had the right or not to carry out the action

131
Q

Main exponent of Legal Ethics

A

Gilmar Antonio Bedin

132
Q

Gilmar Antonio Bedin is the main exponent of

A

Legal Ethics

133
Q

Gilmar Antonio Bedin categorizes human rights into

A

4 generations

134
Q

Theory which is categorized into 4 generations

A

Legal Ethics

135
Q

Person who categorized human ethics into 4 generations

A

Gilmar Antonio Bedin

136
Q

First generation rights

A

Civil rights

137
Q

According to Gilmar Antonio Bedin, civil rights are considered

A

First generation rights

138
Q

First generation right were created between

A

1776 and 1789

139
Q

Second generation rights

A

Political rights

140
Q

According to Gilmar Antonio Bedin, political rights are considered

A

Second generation rights

141
Q

Second generation rights were created in

A

19th century

142
Q

Third generation rights

A

Social and economic. Establish that each individual have the right to decent work, education, social security and housing.

143
Q

According to Gilmar Antonio Bedin, social and economic rights are

A

Third generation rights

144
Q

Third generation rights were created

A

Beginning of the 20th century

145
Q

Fourth generation rights

A

Rights of solidarity

146
Q

Origin of fourth generation rights

A

Universal Declaration fo Human Rights

147
Q

Universal Declreation of Human Rights gave way to this type of right

A

Fourth generation right

148
Q

Ethics of duty is also known as

A

Ethical ethics

149
Q

Ethics of duty was proposed by

A

Immanuel Kant

150
Q

Also known as ethical ethics

A

Ethics of duty

151
Q

Immanuel kant proposed this ethical theory

A

Ethics of duty

152
Q

Ethics of duty were proposed in

A

18th century

153
Q

Ethics of duty

A

The end of human being is to act at all times according to their performance of duty, which is closely related to moral responsibility. Distinguished by self-discernment and free will, considering what is most suitable for others. Allows a person to achieve a superlative moral level.

154
Q

Ethical theory which states that the end of human being is to act at all times according to their performance of duty, which is closely related to moral responsibility.

A

Ethics of duty

155
Q

Ethical theory. Distinguished by self-discernment and free will, considering what is most suitable for others.

A

Ethics of duty

156
Q

Ethical theory. Allows a person to achieve a superlative moral level.

A

Ethics of duty

157
Q

Non-cognitive ethical theories

A

Emotivism and prescriptivism

158
Q

Emotivism

A

Accepts that axiological judgments, emanating from the assessment of a fact, come from people’s emotion

159
Q

Accepts that axiological judgments, emanating from the assessment of a fact, come from people’s emotion

160
Q

Initiator of Emotivism

A

David Hume

161
Q

David Hume’s work was used to create this ethical theory

162
Q

Prescriptivism

A

Establishes moral guidlines indicated by books such as the Bible or the Koran. People who participate no longer use their reasoning and conduct themselves meekly in accordance with the statutes that they accept or are imposed on them

163
Q

Establishes moral guidlines indicated by books such as the Bible or the Koran.

A

Prescriptivism

164
Q

People who participate no longer use their reasoning and conduct themselves meekly in accordance with the statutes that they accept or are imposed on them

A

Prescriptivism

165
Q

Values

A

Elements that allow us to have an attitude and direction to human existence

166
Q

Elements that allow us to have an attitude and direction to human existence

167
Q

Perception of reality is affected by

168
Q

Discipline of philosophical order that studies values

169
Q

Axiology

A

Discipline of philosophical order that studies values.

170
Q

Also known as Theory of values

171
Q

Axiology is also known as

A

Theory of values

172
Q

Qualities of values

A
  1. Lack temporality
  2. No space
  3. No size
  4. Polarity
  5. Hierarchical
173
Q

Quality of value: Lack temporality

A

Not tangible and is therefore abstract, a characteristic that allows them not to depend on time, therefore they do not change with their course

174
Q

Quality of value: No space

A

Values are not tangible, and therefore they are abstract and not physically real, therefore they occupy no place in space

175
Q

Quality of value: No size

A

Not numerically quantifiable

176
Q

Quality of value: Polarity

A

Express opposite properties or conditions which flow in opposite directions

177
Q

Quality of value: Hierarchical

A

Values have a scale that denotes a principal value

178
Q

The best known classification of values was made by

A

Max Scheler

179
Q

Categories of values according to Max Scheler, from least to greatest importance

A

Values of the pleasant, vital values, spiritual values, religious values

180
Q

Values of the pleasant

A

Express emotion: delight or anguish, satisfaction or dissatisfaction, efficacy or fruitlessness, joy or sadness, happiness or bitterness

181
Q

Category of values: delight or anguish

A

Values of the pleasant

182
Q

Category of values: satisfaction or dissatisfaction

A

Values of the pleasant

183
Q

Category of values: efficacy or fruitlessness

A

Values of the pleasant

184
Q

Category of values: joy or sadness

A

Values of the pleasant

185
Q

Vital values

A

Condition of a person. Healthy or sick, vigorous or weak, strong or weak, corpulent or thin

186
Q

Category of values. Condition of a person

A

Vital values

187
Q

Category of values. Healthy or sick

A

Vital values

188
Q

Category of values. Vigorous or weak

A

Vital values

189
Q

Category of values. strong or weak

A

Vital values

190
Q

Category of values. Corpulent or thin

A

Vital values

191
Q

Category of values. Beauty or ugliness

A

Spiritual values

192
Q

Category of values. Perfection or imperfection

A

Spiritual values

193
Q

Category of values. Honest or dishonest

A

Spiritual values

194
Q

Category of values. Fiar or unfair

A

Spiritual values

195
Q

Category of values. Blessed or malicious

A

Spiritual values

196
Q

Category of values. Truth or falshood

A

Spiritual values

197
Q

Religious values

A

Sacred or profane, divine or demonic, holy or sinful

198
Q

Category of values. Sacred or profane

A

Religious values

199
Q

Category of values. Divide or demonic

A

Religious valyes

200
Q

Category of values. Holy or sinful

A

Religious values

201
Q

Universal ethical priciples

A

Series of ethical premises that contribute to world peace

202
Q

Series of ethical premises that contribute to world peace

A

Universal ethical priciples

203
Q

Universal ethical principles are based on this philosopher’s work

A

Sun Myung Moon

204
Q

Sun Myung Moon

A

South Korean philosopher who dedicated his life to trying to harmonize all those differences caused by the multiple sociocultural positions

205
Q

Person who appreviated Sun Myung Moon’s thinking into 12 universal ethical principles

A

Miguel Ángel Cano Jiménez

206
Q

First Universal Ehtical Principles

A

Principle of the common origin of humanity and the moral order of the universe

207
Q

Principle of the common origin of humanity and the moral order of the universe is Universal Ethical Principle #_

208
Q

Principle of the common origin of humanity and the moral order of the universe

A

The cosmos, humanity or gods were created from the same energy that created the universe, which later progressed into creating universal natural and moral laws

209
Q

Universal Ethical Principal. The cosmos, humanity or gods were created from the same energy that created the universe, which later progressed into creating universal natural and moral laws

A
  1. Principle of the common origin of humanity and the moral order of the universe
210
Q

Second Universal Ethical Principle

A

Principle of dignity and equality

211
Q

Principle of dignity and equality is Universal Ethical Principle #_

212
Q

Principle of dignity and equality

A

Each person that lives on this planet has equal dignity is special and different.

213
Q

Universal Ethical Principal. Each person that lives on this planet has equal dignity is special and different.

A

Principle of dignity and equality

214
Q

Third Universal Ethical Principle

A

Principle of freedom, responsibility and creativity

215
Q

Principle of freedom, responsibility and creativity is Universal Ethical Principle #_

216
Q

Principle of freedom, responsibility and creativity

A

All humans should use their freedom and creativity, as long as they do it responsibly. Additionally, humans are subject to natural laws

217
Q

Universal Ethical Principal. All humans should use their freedom and creativity, as long as they do it responsibly. Additionally, humans are subject to natural laws

A

Principle of freedom, responsibility and creativity

Prepa 7 - Semestre 4 (13 decks)

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