Ethanol

Question 1

Thiamine deficiency

Answer 1

malnutrition.

Question 2

Wernicke-Korsakoff

Answer 2

Severe THIAMINE deficiency (also beriberi).

triad of neuro: confusion, ataxia, and nystagmus (rapid uncontrollable eye movement)

Question 3

ADH1 polymorphism

Answer 3

increased acetaldehyde upon EtOH consumption.

Question 4

ADH2 polymorphism

Answer 4

Acetaldehyde build up. (ALDH2 inactivated). distaste for alcohol. protective against alcoholism. Asian

Antabuse=same mechanism as polymorphism. ALDH2 inhibitor.
problematic if alcoholic continues to consume–>rapid acetaldehyde (toxic!) buildup

Question 5

Hangover

Answer 5

acetaldehyde is toxic to all cells, not just liver

Question 6

Alcohol-induced Hepatitis

Answer 6

toxic effect of acetaldehyde is glutathione impairment. ROS damage
elevated AST, ALT (indicative of liver damage)

Question 7

Hepatic Steatosis

Answer 7

liver enlarged, full of fat. along with hepatic fibrosis (collagen), early stage of alcoholism

Question 8

Leannec Cirrhosis

Answer 8

late stage alcoholism. liver shrink, loses architecture. Cytochrome P450 decreases. glutathione nonfunctional. ROS damage.

Question 9

Kidney Disease

Answer 9

elevated BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) AND CreatiNIne

Question 10

Ethylene Glycol toxicity

Answer 10

metabolic acidosis. “antifreeze”

Fomepizole: competitively nhibits ADH. allows EG to be excreted
EtOH treats EG poisoning. binds ADH and displaces EG, allowing it to be excreted. must administer glucose to prevent hypoglycemia (EtOH inhibits gluconeogenesis)

Question 11

Methanol

Answer 11

“wood alcohol.” causes blindness

Fomepizole: competitively nhibits ADH. allows MeOH to be excreted

Question 12

Vit A deficiency

Answer 12

EtOH induced. leads to catabolism of retinol, retinal, retinoic acid.