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Iman's Vocabulary > Essential words - Unessential 2 > Flashcards

Essential words - Unessential 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Deprived

dɪˈpraɪvd

A

محروم
not having the things that are necessary for a comfortable or happy life

Deprived children tend to do less well at school.

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2
Q

Pesticide

ˈpestɪəsaɪd

A

a chemical substance used to kill insects and small animals that destroy crops➔ herbicide

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3
Q

Barometer

bəˈrɑːmɪətər

A
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4
Q

Harping

informal

A

to talk about something continuously, especially in a way that is annoying or boring:

My grandfather harps on about the war all the time.

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5
Q

Plethora

ˈpleθərə

A

a very large number of something, usually more than you need

a plethora of suggestions

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6
Q

Granular

ˈgrænjʊələr

A

consisting of granules

دانه‌بندی

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7
Q

Decay

dɪˈkeɪ

A

1- to be slowly destroyed by a natural chemical process, or to make something do this
2- if traditional beliefs, standards etc decay, people do not believe in them or support them any more SYN: Decline

In Orthodox Europe, mass religion seems to have decayed less.

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8
Q

Bestow

bɪˈstoʊ

A

To give someone something of great value or importance

عطا کردن

Honors bestowed on him by the Queen

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9
Q

Reincarnation

ˌriːɪnkɑːrˈneɪʃən

A

the person or animal that contains the soul of a dead person or animal

She thinks she is a reincarnation of Cleopatra.

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10
Q

Cram

kræm

A

to force something into a small space

Jill crammed her clothes into the bag.

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11
Q

Ensuing

ɪnˈsuːɪŋ

A

متعاقب
happening after a particular action or event, especially as a result of it SYN: Following

In the ensuing fighting, two students were killed.

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12
Q

Jot

dʒɑːt

A

to write a short piece of information quickly

Let me jot down your number and I’ll call you tomorrow.

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13
Q

Flesh

A

to add more details to something in order to make it clear, more interesting etc
SYN: put flesh on something

You need to flesh out your argument with a few more examples.

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14
Q

Punchy

ˈpʌntʃi

A

a punchy piece of writing or speech is short but very clear and effective

his style is journalistic, with short punchy sentences

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15
Q

Poignant

pɔɪnjənt

A

making you feel sad or full of pity

a poignant reminder of our nation’s great sacrifices

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16
Q

Succinct

səkˈsɪŋkt

A

clearly expressed in a few words – use this to show approval
SYN: Concise

a succinct explanation

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17
Q

Pertinent

ˈpɜːrtɪənənt

A

directly relating to something that is being considered
SYN: Relevent

He asked me a lot of very pertinent questions.

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18
Q

Fatigue

fəˈtiːg

A

very great tiredness
SYN: Exhaustion

Sam’s face was grey with fatigue.

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19
Q

Bloated

ˈbloʊtɪəd

A

footnote

1- full of liquid, gas, food etc, so that you look or feel much larger than normal
2- if you describe an organization as bloated, you mean that it is too big and does not work effectively

  • I feel really bloated after that meal.
  • the bloated state bureaucracy
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20
Q

Cramp

kræmp

A

a severe pain that you get in part of your body when a muscle becomes too tight, making it difficult for you to move that part of your body

Several players were suffering from cramp.

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21
Q

Avid

ˈævɪəd

A

doing something as much as possible
SYN: Keen

مشتاق

an avid collector of old jazz records

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22
Q

Contrary

ˈkɑːntreri

A

contrary ideas, opinions, or actions are completely different and opposed to each other
SYN: Opposing

Two contrary views emerged.

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23
Q

Fatigued

fəˈtiːgd

A

extremely tired
SYN: Exhausted

Sara looked white and fatigued.

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24
Q

Perishable

ˈperɪʃəbəl

A

food that is perishable is likely to decay quickly

perishable goods such as butter, milk, fruit and fish

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25
Q

Dangle

ˈdæŋgəl

A

to hang or swing loosely, or to make something do this

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26
Q

Squint

skwɪnt

A

to look at something with your eyes partly closed in order to see better

Stop squinting at the screen – put your glasses on.

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27
Q

Errand

ˈerənd

A

a short journey in order to do something for someone, for example delivering or collecting something for them

She was always sending me on errands.

He quickly set out on his errand of mercy.

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28
Q

Battered

ˈbætərd

A

old and in bad condition

a battered old suitcase

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29
Q

Proponent

prəˈpoʊnənt

A

someone who supports something or persuades people to do something
SYN: Advocate

Steinem has always been a strong proponent of women’s rights.

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30
Q

Sonorous

ˈsɑːnərəs

A

having a pleasantly deep loud sound

a sonorous voice

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31
Q

Enthusiastic

ɪnˌθuːziˈæstɪk◂

A

feeling or showing a lot of interest and excitement about something

All the staff are enthusiastic about the project.

Collocations:
* greate deal of enthusiasism: She should be able to help you because she has a great deal of enthusiasm.

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32
Q

Tentative

ˈtentətɪv

A

آزمایشی
not definite or certain, and may be changed later
SYN: Provisional

I passed on my tentative conclusions to the police.

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33
Q

Thoughtless

ˈθɔːtləs

A

not thinking about the needs and feelings of other people, especially because you are thinking about what you want
OPP: Thoughtful

a selfish and thoughtless man

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34
Q

Spurious

ˈspjʊriəs

A

جعلی
a spurious statement, argument etc is not based on facts or good thinking and is likely to be incorrect

* He demolished the Opposition’s spurious arguments.
* spurious sympathy

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35
Q

Judicious

dʒuːˈdɪʃəs

A

done in a sensible and careful way
SYN: Wise

a judicious choice

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36
Q

Manuscript

ˈmænjʊəskrɪpt

A

a book or piece of writing before it is printed

Unfortunately, parts of the original manuscript have been lost.

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37
Q

Rherotic

ˈretərɪk

A

لفاظی
language that is used to persuade or influence people, especially language that sounds impressive but is not actually sincere or useful

The speech was dismissed by some people as merely political rhetoric

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38
Q

Distort

dɪˈstɔːrt

A

to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear
تحریف کردن

* Buildings can distort radio signals.
* His face was distorted in anger

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39
Q

Tray

treɪ

A
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40
Q

Controversial

ˌkɑːntrəˈvɜːrʃəl◂

A

causing a lot of disagreement, because many people have strong opinions about the subject being discussed

a highly controversial plan to flood the valley in order to build a dam.

Collocations:
Nouns
* a controversial issue/ topic/ subject: I tried to avoid controversial topics such as politics and religion.
* a controversial decision: The court’s decision was highly controversial.
* a controversial plan/ proposal/ policy: the controversial plan to build a new airport
* a controversial figure (=a person who does controversial things): He is a controversial figure in politics.
* controversial legislation (=controversial laws): The controversial legislation has not yet been officially approved.
Adverbs
* highly controversial: This policy is highly controversial.
* politically controversial: The area of workers’ rights remains politically controversial.

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41
Q

Adhere

ədˈhɪr

A

1- to stick firmly to something
2- to continue to behave according to a particular rule, agreement, or belief

The eggs of these fish adhere to plant leaves.

We adhere to the principles of equal rights and freedom of expression for all.
I have adhered strictly to the rules.

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42
Q

Ample

ˈæmpəl

A

more than enough
SYN: Sufficient

There is ample evidence that climate patterns are changing.

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43
Q

Clutter

ˈklʌtər

A

to cover or fill a space or room with too many things, so that it looks very untidy

The walls were cluttered with paintings and prints.

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44
Q

Almost

ɒːlˈmoʊst

A

nearly, but not completely or not quite:

The story is almost certainly true.

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45
Q

Canoe

kəˈnuː

A
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46
Q

Adjacent

əˈdʒeɪsənt

A

a room, building, piece of land etc that is adjacent to something is next to it

We stayed in adjacent rooms.

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47
Q

Banter

ˈbæntər

A

friendly conversation in which people make a lot of jokes with, and amusing remarks about, each other

I watched the guys as they bantered with the waitresses.

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48
Q

v.

Stave

A

to keep someone or something from reaching you or affecting you for a period of time

She brought some fruit on the journey to stave off hunger.

جلوگیری کردن

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49
Q

Namesake

ˈneɪmseɪk

A

another person, especially a more famous person, who has the same name as someone

Like his famous namesake, young Washington had a brave, adventurous spir

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50
Q

v.

Enact

ɪˈnækt

Formal

A

to make a proposal into a law

Congress refused to enact the bill.

نمایش دادن، بصورت قانون دراوردن، وضع کردن تصویب کردن

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51
Q

Aroma

əˈroʊmə

A

a strong pleasant smell

the aroma of fresh coffee

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52
Q

Adj.

Vigilant

ˈvɪdʒɪələnt

A

giving careful attention to what is happening, so that you will notice any danger or illegal activity

Please remain vigilant at all times and report anything suspicious.

هوشیار، گوش بزنگ، مراقب

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53
Q

n.

Entourage

ˈɒ:ntʊrɑːʒ

Singular (I’ve seen the plural form of “entourages”)

A

a group of people who travel with an important person

the president and his entourage

محیط، همراهان، دوستان، دوروبر اطرافیان

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54
Q

n.

Conservation

ˌkɒ:nsəˈveɪʃən

uncountable

A

the protection of natural things such as animals, plants, forests etc, to prevent them from being spoiled or destroyed
SYN: Preservation

wildlife conservation

Collocations:
* a conservation area (=an area where animals and plants are protected): a wildlife conservation area

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55
Q

Adj.

Conspicuous

kənˈspɪkjuəs

A

very easy to notice
OPP: Inconspicuous

The notice must be displayed in a conspicuous place.

ظاهر، اشکار، انگشت نما، پدیدار، توی چشم خور

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56
Q

Reminisce

ˌremɪəˈnɪs

A

to talk or think about pleasant events in your past

a group of former students reminiscing about their college days

یاد گذشته‌ ها کردن

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57
Q

Despondent

dɪˈspɒ:ndənt

A

ناامید
extremely unhappy and without hope

Gill had been out of work for a year and was getting very despondent.

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58
Q

Debut

debu:

A

to introduce a product to the public for the first time➔ release

Ralph Lauren debuted his autumn collection in Paris last week.

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59
Q

ٰVolcano

A

Collocations:
Verbs
* a volcano erupts (=it sends smoke, fire, and rock into the sky)The volcano last erupted 50 years ago.
Adjectives
* active (=it may erupt at any time): Mount Etna is still an active volcano.
* dormant (=it has not erupted for a long time): Volcanoes can remain dormant for hundreds of years.
* extinct (=it does not erupt any more): The lake is at the foot of an extinct volcano.

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60
Q

Archaeology

ˌɑːrkiˈɒ:lədʒi

A

the study of ancient societies by examining what remains of their buildings

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61
Q

Salivate

ˈsælɪəveɪt

A

to look at or show interest in something or someone in a way that shows you like or want them very much – used to show disapproval

The media are salivating over the story.
آماده شدن فرد منتظر بمنظور گاییدن دیگری
Mnemonic: سلیطه

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62
Q

Savor

ˈseɪvər

A

1- to seem to involve something bad or to have some of a bad quality
2- a pleasant taste or smell

We must avoid anything that savours of corruption.

Life seemed to have lost its savour for him.

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63
Q

Cranky

ˈkræŋki

A

strange

Organic farming is no longer thought of as cranky.

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64
Q

Inn

ɪn

A

a small hotel or pub, especially an old one in the countryside

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65
Q

Brash

bræʃ

A

behaving too confidently and speaking too loudly – used to show disapproval

brash journalists

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66
Q

Prominent

ˈprɒ:mɪənənt

A

important

a prominent Russian scientist

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67
Q

Trajectory

trəˈdʒektəri

formal

A

the events that happen during a period of time, which often lead to a particular aim or result:

The decision was certain to affect the trajectory of French politics for some time to come.

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68
Q

Lackluster

ˈlækˌlʌstər

A

not exciting, impressive etc
SYN: Dull

a lacklustre performance
عملکرد ضعیف

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69
Q

Terracotta

ˌterəˈkɒ:tə◂

A

hard reddish-brown baked clay

Mnemonic: “Traditional Earthenware, Reddish, Really Attractive, Crafted Of Tough, Tangible Artistry”. This sentence captures the essence of terracotta, its color, and its use in creating art.

a terracotta pot

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70
Q

Yield

jiːld

A

1- to produce a result, answer, or piece of information
2- Yield to something: if one thing yields to another, it is replaced by that thing
SYN: Give way to something
resulted in, produced
حاصل - تولید شده

Laughter quickly yielded to amazement as the show went on.

Our research has only recently begun to yield important results.

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71
Q

Restrictive

rɪˈstrɪktɪv

A

limiting

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72
Q

Filthy

ˈfɪlθi

A

very dirty

The house was filthy, with clothes and newspapers strewn everywhere.

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73
Q

Gala

gælə

A

a public entertainment or performance to celebrate a special occasion

the Society’s Gala Dinner

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74
Q

Gruesome

ˈgruːsəm

A

وحشت‌آور
very unpleasant or shocking, and involving someone being killed or badly injured

Police described it as a particularly gruesome attack.

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75
Q

Torture

ˈtɔːrtʃər

A

to deliberately hurt someone in order to force them to give you information, to punish them, or to be cruel

Political opponents of the regime may be tortured.

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76
Q

Inmate

ˈɪnmeɪt

A

someone who is being kept in a prison

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77
Q

Raucous

ˈrɒːkəs

A

خشن
sounding unpleasantly loud

He burst into raucous laughter.

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78
Q

Sedate

sɪˈdeɪt

A

moving slowly and calmly

We continued our walk at a sedate pace.

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79
Q

Grunge

grʌndʒ

A

a style of fashion and music popular with young people in the 1990s, involving loud electric music and dirty clothes, hair etc

grunge rock

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80
Q

Defunct

dɪˈfʌŋkt

A

not existing any more, or not useful any more

the now-defunct nuclear reactor

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81
Q

Pottery

ˈpɒtəri

A

objects made out of baked clay

Native Iranian pottery

82
Q

Thrust

θrʌst

A

to push something somewhere roughly

He thrust me roughly towards the door.

thrust something ↔ aside
phrasal verb
to refuse to think about something:
Our complaints were thrust aside and ignored.
thrust something upon/ on somebody
phrasal verb
if something is thrust upon you, you are forced to accept it even if you do not want it:
She never enjoyed the fame that was thrust upon her.
He had marriage thrust upon him.

83
Q

Trek

trek

A

a long and difficult journey, made especially on foot as an adventure
SYN: Hike

a lonely trek through the forest

84
Q

Chronic

ˈkrɒ:nɪk

A

a chronic disease or illness is one that continues for a long time and cannot be cured

chronic asthma

85
Q

Fender

ˈfendər

A

the side part of a car that covers the wheels
SYN: Wing

86
Q

Dent

A

if you dent something, or if it dents, you hit or press it so that its surface is bent inwards

No one was injured, but the car was scratched and dented.

87
Q

Bracelet

ˈbreɪslɪət

A
88
Q

Bungalow

ˈbʌŋgəloʊ

A

a house that is all on ground level

89
Q

Ratify

ˈrætɪəfaɪ

A

to make a written agreement official by signing it

We hope that the republics will be willing to ratify the treaty.

90
Q

Condor

ˈkɑːndər

A
91
Q

Plump

plʌmp

A

1- slightly fat in a fairly pleasant way – used especially about women or children, often to avoid saying the word ‘fat’
2- to gently hit cushions or pillows in order to make them rounder and softer

The nurse was a cheerful plump woman.

92
Q

Ponder

ˈpɑːndər

A

to spend time thinking carefully and seriously about a problem, a difficult question, or something that has happened
SYN: Consider

He continued to ponder the problem as he walked home.

93
Q

Capsized

A

if a boat capsizes, or if you capsize it, it turns over in the water

94
Q

Patron

ˈpeɪtrən

A

1- someone who supports the activities of an organization, for example by giving money
2- someone who uses a particular shop, restaurant, or hotel

* a wealthy patron
* facilities for disabled patrons

95
Q

Disheartened

dɪsˈhɑːrtnd

A

disappointed, so that you lose hope and the determination to continue doing something

If young children don’t see quick results they grow disheartened.

96
Q

Ripple

ˈrɪpəl

A

to move in small waves, or to make something move in this way

* Enthusiastic applause rippled around the tables.

  • fields of grain rippling in the soft wind
97
Q

Edible

ˈedɪəbəl

A

something that is edible can be eaten
OPP: Inedible

These berries are edible, but those are poisonous.

98
Q

Rhinoceros

raɪˈnɒsərəs

A
99
Q

Purveyor

pɜːrˈveɪər

A

a business that supplies goods, services, or information

purveyors of farmyard fresh poultry

100
Q

Prey on

A

to try to deceive or harm weaker people

* religious cults that specialize in preying on young people

  • The accident has been preying on my mind all week.
101
Q

Avert

əˈvɜːrt

A

to prevent something unpleasant from happening

The tragedy could have been averted if the crew had followed safety procedures.

102
Q

Waft

wæft

A

if a smell, smoke, or a light wind wafts somewhere, or if something wafts it somewhere, it moves gently through the air

Cooking smells wafted up from downstairs.

103
Q

Puberty

ˈpjuːbərti

A

the stage of physical development during which you change from a child to an adult and are able to have children

Fourteen is a fairly normal age for a girl to reach puberty.

104
Q

Bemoan

bɪˈmoʊn

A

to complain or say that you are disappointed about something

He was bemoaning the fact that lawyers charge so much.

105
Q

Slaughterhouse

ˈslɒːtərhaʊs

A

a building where animals such as cows or pigs are killed for their meat
SYN: Abattoir (ˈæbətwɑːr)

106
Q

Paliative

ˈpælieɪtɪv

A

something done to make a bad situation seem better, but which does not solve the problem

short-term economic palliatives

107
Q

Embalm

ɪmˈbɑːlm

A

to treat a dead body with chemicals, oils etc to prevent it from decaying

108
Q

Chivalry

ˈʃɪvəlri

A

1- behaviour that is honourable, kind, generous, and brave, especially men’s behaviour towards women
2- a system of religious beliefs and honourable behaviour that knights in the Middle Ages were expected to follow

109
Q

Fuselage

ˈfjuːsəlɑːʒ

A

the main part of a plane, in which people sit or goods are carried

110
Q

Aspiring

əˈspaɪrɪŋ

A

hoping to be successful in a particular job, activity, or way of life

the aspiring middle classes

111
Q

Usher

ˈʌʃər

A

to help someone to get from one place to another, especially by showing them the way

He ushered her into the room.

112
Q

Creep

kriːp

A

to move in a quiet, careful way, especially to avoid attracting attention

Johann would creep into the gallery to listen to the singers.

113
Q

Cockpit

ˈkɒ:kˌpɪt

A
114
Q

Windscreen

ˈwɪndskriːn

A

the large window at the front of a car, bus etc
SYN: Windshield

115
Q

Recessed

rɪˈsest

A

fitted into a part of a wall that is further back than the rest of the wall

a recessed bookshelf

116
Q

Simultaneous

ˌsɪməlˈteɪniəs◂

A

things that are simultaneous happen at exactly the same time

They grabbed each other’s hands in simultaneous panic.

117
Q

Purr

pɜːr

A

1- if a cat purrs, it makes a soft low sound in its throat to show that it is pleased
2- if the engine of a vehicle or machine purrs, it works perfectly and makes a quiet smooth sound

The big Bentley purred along the road.

118
Q

Wrath

rɒθ

A

extreme anger

He was scared of incurring his father’s wrath.

119
Q

Forage

ˈfɒ:rɪdʒ

A

1- to go around searching for food or other supplies
2- to search for something with your hands in a bag, drawer etc
SYN: Ferret around

People are being forced to forage for food and fuel.
She foraged around in her purse and produced her ticket.

120
Q

Quadrangle

ˈkwɑːdrængəl

A

a square open area with buildings all around it, especially at a school or college
SYN: quad

121
Q

Preservation

ˌprezərˈveɪʃən

A

when something is kept in its original state or in good condition➔ preserve

Eliot campaigned for the preservation of London’s churches.

The arena is in an exceptionally fine state of preservation.

122
Q

Mastermind

ˈmæstərmaɪnd

A

someone who plans and organizes a complicated operation, especially a criminal operation

He is suspected of being the mastermind behind the bombings.

123
Q

Floodwater

ˈflʌdwɔːtər

A

water that covers an area during a flood

124
Q

Devise

dɪˈvaɪz

A

to plan or invent a new way of doing something

She devised a method for quicker communications between offices.

Collocations:
* devise a method/ wayOur aim is to devise a way to improve quality and reduce costs.
* devise a means (=think of a way): We must devise a means of transport that does not pollute the atmosphere.
* devise a system: How do you devise a system of testing students that is completely fair?
* devise a plan/ scheme: Together they devised a clever plan to escape.
* devise a strategy: The region is keen to devise a strategy to develop tourism.
* devise a solution: Representatives met to discuss the crisis and devise solutions.
* devise a programme: Your trainer will devise an exercise programme for you to follow.
* devise an experiment/ test: He devised a series of experiments to test his theory.

125
Q

Terrain

tɪəˈreɪn,

A

a particular type of land

rocky terrain

126
Q

Outlandish

aʊtˈlændɪʃ

A

strange and unusual

outlandish clothes

127
Q

Acclaimed

əˈkleɪmd

A

publicly praised by a lot of people

His work was critically acclaimed.
تحسین شده

128
Q

v.

Herald

ˈherəld

A

to be a sign of something that is going to come or happen soon

A flash of lightning heralded torrential rain.

129
Q

Restoration

ˌrestəˈreɪʃən

A

when you repair something such as an old building or a piece of furniture, so that it looks the same as when it was first built or made

Major restoration work will begin in May.

130
Q

Elated

ɪˈleɪtɪəd

A

extremely happy and excited, especially because of something that has happened or is going to happen
OPP: Depressed

He felt elated and mildly drunk.

131
Q

Walnut

ˈwɒːlnʌt

A
132
Q

Acres

ˈeɪkər

A

a unit for measuring area, equal to 4,840 square yards or 4,047 square metres

They own 200 acres of farmland.

133
Q

Pursue

pərˈsuː

A

to continue doing an activity or trying to achieve something over a long period of time

She plans to pursue a career in politics.

a campaign promise to pursue policies that will help the poor

134
Q

Treat

triːt

A

to behave towards someone or something in a particular way

Children treated respectfully tend to grow up to be respectful.

135
Q

Ruby

ˈruːbi

A

a red jewel

136
Q

Barn

A

a large farm building for storing crops, or for keeping animals in

137
Q

Charcoal

tʃɑːrkoʊl

A

a black substance made of burned wood that can be used as fuel

cooking over a charcoal fire

138
Q

v.

Retract

rɪˈtrækt

A

if you retract something that you said or agreed, you say that you did not mean it
SYN: Withdraw

He confessed to the murder but later retracted his statement.

تکذیب کردن ، تو زدن

139
Q

Disavow

ˌdɪsəˈvaʊ

A

to say that you are not responsible for something, that you do not know about it, or that you are not involved with it

140
Q

Mellifluous

mɪəˈlɪfluəs

A

a mellifluous voice or piece of music sounds pleasantly smooth

the voice was mellifluous and smooth

141
Q

Rendition

renˈdɪʃən

A

someone’s performance of a play, piece of music etc

He gave a moving rendition of Lennon’s ‘Imagine’.

142
Q

Ravenous

ˈrævənəs

A

very hungry

I was ravenously hungry.

143
Q

Appetites

ˈæpɪətaɪt

A

a desire for food

Her husband always had a huge appetite.

Collocations:
* sexual appetite
* insatiable appetite
* loss/ lack of appetite Symptoms include fever and loss of appetite.|
I’m a bit worried about her lack of appetite.

144
Q

Satiate

ˈseɪʃieɪt

A

to satisfy a desire or need for something such as food or sex, especially so that you feel you have had too much

satiate with power, of fame and wealth possess’d

145
Q

Aglow

əˈgloʊ

A

if someone’s face is aglow, they seem happy and excited

Linda’s face was aglow with happiness.

146
Q

Clientele

ˌkliːɪənˈtel,

A

all the people who regularly use a shop, restaurant etc

The restaurant attracts a young clientele.

147
Q

Shrubs

ʃrʌb

A

a small bush with several woody stems

148
Q

Spirit

ˈspɪrɪət

A

the qualities that make someone live the way they do, and make them different from other people

I’m 85, but I still feel young in spirit.

149
Q

Concise

kənˈsaɪs

A

short, with no unnecessary words
SYN: Brief

Your summary should be as clear and concise as possible.

150
Q

Rife

raɪf

A

if something bad or unpleasant is rife, it is very common

Violent crime is rife in our inner cities

151
Q

Acrimony

ˈækrɪəmoʊni

A

feelings of anger between people who disagree strongly and do not like each other

a quagmire of lawsuits, acrimony, and finger-pointing

152
Q

Bunk

bʌŋk

A

one of two beds that are attached together, one on top of the other

153
Q

Bustling

ˈbʌsəlɪŋ

A

a bustling place is very busy

The flower market was bustling with shoppers.

154
Q

Mansion

ˈmænʃən

A

a very large house

a beautiful country mansion

155
Q

Crumble

ˈkrʌmbəl

A

1- to break apart into lots of little pieces, or make something do this
2- to lose power, become weak, or fail

The fall leaves crumbled in my fingers.

156
Q

Dwindle

ˈdwɪndl

A

to gradually become less and less or smaller and smaller

His money had dwindled away.

157
Q

Overseas

ˌoʊvərˈsiːz◂

A

to or in a foreign country that is across the sea➔ abroad

Chris is going to work overseas.

158
Q

Contentious

kənˈtenʃəs

A

causing a lot of argument and disagreement between people
SYN: Controvertial

Animal welfare did not become a contentious issue until the late 1970s.

159
Q

Stifling

staɪflɪŋ

A

a room or weather that is stifling is very hot and uncomfortable, so that it seems difficult to breathe

the stifling heat of the tropics

160
Q

Frenzy

ˈfrenzi

A

a state of great anxiety or excitement, in which you cannot control your behaviour

Doreen had worked herself into a frenzy.

161
Q

Casualty

ˈkæʒuəlti

A

someone who is hurt or killed in an accident or war

civilian casualties

162
Q

Ultimate

ˈʌltɪəmɪət

A

better, bigger, worse etc than all other things or people of the same kind

The Rolling Stones are the ultimate rock and roll band.

163
Q

Identify with sb

A

همذات پنداری
to feel sympathy with someone or be able to share their feelings

Humans can easily identify with the emotional expressions of chimpanzees

164
Q

Oedipus

ˈeːdIpəs

A

in ancient Greek stories, the son of King Laius and Queen Jocasta of thebes. When he was a baby Oedipus was left to die on a mountain by his father, but he was found and taken to live with the King of Corinth, so he did not know who his real parents were. When he became an adult, Oedipus returned to Thebes and, without knowing who they were, killed his father and married his mother. His story is told in the play Oedipus Rex by sophocles.

165
Q

Protégé

ˈproʊtəʒeɪ

A

someone, especially a young person, who is taught and helped by someone who has influence, power, or more experience

She attempted to encourage her young protégé.

166
Q

Resilience

rɪˈzɪliəns

A

the ability to become strong, happy, or successful again after a difficult situation or event➔ toughness

People showed remarkable resilience during the war.

167
Q

Dismay

A

to make someone feel worried, disappointed, and upset

The poor election turnout dismayed politicians.

168
Q

Butchery

ˈbʊtʃəri

A

cruel and unnecessary killing

the butchery of battle

169
Q

Graze

greɪz

A

if an animal grazes, or if you graze it, it eats grass that is growing

fields where they used to graze their sheep

170
Q

Broth

brɒːθ

A

soup with meat, rice, or vegetables

chicken broth

171
Q

Depict

dɪˈpɪkt

A

to describe something or someone in writing or speech, or to show them in a painting, picture etc

a book depicting life in pre-revolutionary Russia

172
Q

Inhabitant

ɪnˈhæbɪətənt

A

one of the people who live in a particular place

a city of six million inhabitants

173
Q

Genuine

ˈdʒenjuɪən

A

a genuine feeling, desire etc is one that you really feel, not one you pretend to feel
SYN: Sincere

* a genuine fear of invasion

  • ‘Did he really?’ Her surprise seemed genuine.
174
Q

Legitimacy

A

1- fair or reasonable
2- acceptable or allowed by law

* Opponents have questioned the legitimacy of the ruling.

  • That’s a perfectly legitimate question.
175
Q

In turn

A

as a result of something

Interest rates were cut and, in turn, share prices rose.

176
Q

Forefront

ˈfɔːrfrʌnt

be in/ at/ to the forefront of somebody’s mind/ attention etc

A

to be what someone is thinking about most, because it is very important to them

Fear of unemployment was at the forefront of everyone’s minds.

177
Q

Monetary

ˈmɑːnɪəteri

A

relating to money, especially all the money in a particular country

the government’s tight monetary policy

178
Q

Determinant

dɪˈtɜːrmɪnənt

A

something that strongly influences what you do or how you behave

Social class is a major determinant of consumer spending patterns.

179
Q

sth rest with sb

A

if a decision rests with someone, they are responsible for it

The final decision rests with the President.

180
Q

Commodity

kəˈmɒ:dɪəti

A

a product that is bought and sold

Time is a precious commodity.

181
Q

Intervention

ˌɪntərˈvenʃən

A

the act of becoming involved in an argument, fight, or other difficult situation in order to change what happens

government intervention to regulate prices

182
Q

Agonizing

ˈægənaɪzɪŋ

A

عذاب آور
very unpleasant to experience, especially because of involving a difficult choice or a long wait

an agonizing decision

183
Q

Therapist

ˈθerəpɪəst

A

someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness

184
Q

Deter sb from doing sth

A

to stop someone from doing something, by making them realize it will be difficult or have bad results

The security camera was installed to deter people from stealing.

185
Q

Deterrent

dɪˈtɜːrənt

A

something that makes someone less likely to do something, by making them realize it will be difficult or have bad results

The small fines for this type of crime do not act as much of a deterrent.

186
Q

Inflict sth on sb

ɪnˈflɪkt

A

to make someone suffer something unpleasant

The strikes inflicted serious damage on the economy.

187
Q

Wrongdoing

ˈrɒŋˌduːɪŋ

A

illegal or immoral behaviour

188
Q

Hapless

ˈhæpləs

A

unlucky

The hapless passengers were stranded at the airport for three days.

189
Q

Pernicious

pəˈnɪʃəs

A

مخرب
very harmful or evil, often in a way that you do not notice easily

the pernicious effects of poverty

190
Q

Inextricable

ˌɪnɪkˈstrɪkəbəl◂

A

two or more things that are inextricable are closely related and affect each other

the inextricable connection between language and culture

191
Q

Intertwine

ˌɪntərˈtwaɪn

A

if two situations, ideas etc are intertwined, they are closely related to each other

The problems of crime and unemployment are closely intertwined.

192
Q

Barely

ˈberli

A

only with great difficulty or effort
SYN: Only just

She was very old and barely able to walk.

193
Q

Eyesore

ˈaɪsɔːr

A

something that is very ugly, especially a building surrounded by other things that are not ugly

The factory is an eyesore.

194
Q

Costly

kɒːstli

A

1- very expensive, especially wasting a lot of money
2- something that is costly causes a lot of problems or trouble

* Such a database would be extremely costly to set up.

  • His delay in making a decision could prove costly in the long run.
195
Q

Stringent

A
196
Q

Long haul flights

A

Long distance flights

197
Q

Lush rainforests

A

Luxuriant equatorial forests

198
Q

Off the beaten track

A

A place that is not on the main thoroughfare

199
Q

Thoroughfare

ˈθʌrəfeər

A

the main road through a place such as a city or village

The motel was off the main thoroughfare.

200
Q

Thrive

A

رشد کردن

Iman's Vocabulary (9 decks)

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