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Iman's Vocabulary > Essential words - Deck 3 > Flashcards

Essential words - Deck 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Firm

fɜːrm

A

A company; Business organization

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2
Q

Wealthy

ˈwelθi

A

rich

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3
Q

Routingly

ruːˈtiːnli

A

on a regular basis

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4
Q

Decisive

dɪˈsaɪsɪv

A

important; affecting a decision

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5
Q

Preponderance

prɪˈpɒ:ndərəns

A

the largest amount

There is a preponderance of female students in the music department.

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6
Q

Reminder

rɪˈmaɪndər

A

the rest; what is left

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7
Q

Confront

kənˈfrʌnt

A

nearing, usually said of threat or difficulty

The problems confronting the new government were enormous.

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8
Q

Looming

luːmin

A

footnote

to face a difficulty

قریب‌الوقوع
An economic crisis is looming on the horizon.

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9
Q

Branch

bræntʃ

A

local office of a large company

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10
Q

Controversy

ˈkɑːntrəvɜːrsi

A

a lot of disagreement affecting many people

the controversy surrounding Skinner’s theories

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11
Q

Opponent

əˈpoʊnənt

A

someone who disagrees and speaks out

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12
Q

Point

pɔɪnt

A

to call attention to

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13
Q

Proponent

prəˈpoʊnənt

A

supporter

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14
Q

Boon

buːn

A

a benefit; advantage

The bus service is a real boon to people in the village.

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15
Q

Turnover

ˈtɜːrnˌoʊvər

A

the rate at which employees leave and are replaced

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16
Q

Shift

ʃɪft

A

period of work time

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17
Q

Coincide

ˌkoʊɪənˈsaɪd

A

to happen at the same time

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18
Q

Epicentre

ˈepɪˌsentər

A

central or most important place

London became the epicentre of the world fashion industry.

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19
Q

Catch up

kætʃ

A

to reach someone or sth that is ahead

At the moment our technology is more advanced, but other countries are catching up with us.

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20
Q

Enticing

ɪnˈtaɪsɪŋ

A

attractive
SYN: Tempting

It was a hot day and the water looked enticing.

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21
Q

Disposable

dɪˈspoʊzəbəl

A

made to be thrown away after one or few uses

disposable nappies

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22
Q

Discard

dɪsˈkɑːrd

A

to throw into the trash can

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23
Q

Litter

ˈlɪtər

A

to drop trash onto street

Toys littered the floor.

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24
Q

Adv.

Eventually

ɪˈventʃuəli,

A

after a long time, or after a lot of things have happened
SYN: Finally

He eventually escaped and made his way back to England.

سرانجام، بالاخره

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25
Q

v.

Jeopardize

ˈdʒeprədaɪz

A

to put in danger

large-scale military offensives which could jeopardize the UN peace proc

بخطر انداختن

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26
Q

Fitness

ˈfɪtnɪəs

A

the satate of being in a good physical condition

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27
Q

Spot

spɑːt

A

to notice

I spotted a police car behind us.

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28
Q

Formalize

ˈfɔːrməlaɪz

A

to organize and define

Final arrangements for the takeover have yet to be formalized.

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29
Q

Catch on

A

to become popular

The idea of glasses being a fashion item has been slow to catch on.

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30
Q

Trend

trend

A

a popular fashion

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31
Q

Carry on

A

to do; to perform

He carried on with his day job.|Sheehan has carried on with her campaign

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32
Q

Establishment

ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt

A

creation; arrangement

the establishment of NATO in 1949

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33
Q

Term

tɜːrm

A

a name or word for sth

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34
Q

Company

ˈkʌmpəni

A

companionship

When Stan died, I missed his companionship.

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35
Q

Protective

prəˈtektɪv

A

providing cover or safety

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36
Q

Calories

ˈkæləriz

A

a unit that measures the amount of energy

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37
Q

Involve

ɪnˈvɑːlv

A

to include; require

These changes will involve everyone on the staff.

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38
Q

Muscle

ˈmʌsəl

A

a part of the body that helps you move

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39
Q

Numerous

ˈnuːmərəs

A

many

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40
Q

v.

Track

træk

A

to observe and make a record of

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41
Q

Struggle

ˈstrʌgəl

A

to fight

She struggled to free herself.

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42
Q

Persist

pərˈsɪst

A

to continue

He persisted in his refusal to admit responsibility.

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43
Q

Dire

daɪr

A

very serious or extreme; very bad

warnings of dire consequences that often don’t come true

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44
Q

Approximately

əˈprɒksɪəmɪətli

A

close but not exactly

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45
Q

Academic

ˌækəˈdemɪk◂

A

related to school, especially the university

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46
Q

Inordinate

ɪˈnɔːrdənɪət

A

more than is reasonable
SYN: Excessive

Testing is taking up an inordinate amount of teachers’ time.

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47
Q

Equality

ɪˈkwɑːlɪəti

A

being the same; having the same rights and opportunities

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48
Q

Pressure

ˈpreʃə

A

demands; responsibilities

I feel I’m not able to cope well with the pressures of life.

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49
Q

Bear

ber

A

to carry; have responsibility for

The humiliation was more than he could bear.

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50
Q

Absence

ˈæbsəns

A

not being present; time away

Ms Leighton will be in charge during my absence

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51
Q

Devote

diˈvoʊt

A

give; commit
SYN: Dedicate

He devoted his energies to writing films.

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52
Q

Frustration

frʌˈstreɪʃən

A

lack of satisfaction; inability to reach goals

People often feel a sense of frustration that they are not being promoted quickly enough.

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53
Q

Discrepancy

dɪˈskrepənsi

A

difference between two things that should be the same

Police found discrepancies in the two men’s reports.

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54
Q

Mentor

ˈmentɔr

A

a person who gives help and advice

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55
Q

Invaluable

inˈvæljʊəbəl

A

very valuable; extremely useful

Your advice has been invaluable to us.

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56
Q

Guidance

ˈgaɪdəns

A

advice; assistance

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57
Q

Validate

ˈvælɪədeɪt

A

to confirm; make a person feel valued

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58
Q

Funding

ˈfʌndɪŋ

A

financial support

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59
Q

Progress

ˈprɑːgres

A

to move forward

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60
Q

Commensurate

kəˈmensərɪət

A

similar in size or amount

متناسب

Salary will be commensurate with age and experience.

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61
Q

Disability

ˌdɪsəˈbɪlɪəti

A

a condition that makes it difficult to do things other people do

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62
Q

Incapacitated

ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪəteɪt

A

unable to do things normally

Her mother has been incapacitated by a fall.

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63
Q

Poverty

ˈpɑːvərti

A

the condition of being poor

Millions of elderly people live in poverty.

continued efforts to alleviate poverty and raise living standards

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64
Q

Account for

A

to be responsible for; be the cause of
SYN: Explain

Recent pressure at work may account for his behavior.

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65
Q

Unwieldy

ʌnˈwiːldi

A

difficult to manage

unwieldy bureaucracy

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66
Q

Slippery

ˈslɪpəri

A

causing things to slide or slip; difficult to hold or stand on

In places, the path can be wet and slippery.

Harry’s palms were slippery with sweat.

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67
Q

Slope

sloʊp

A

a surface at an angle, with the top higher than the bottom

a steep slope

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68
Q

Abound

əˈbaʊnd

A

to exist in large numbers

Rumours abound as to the reasons for his resignation.

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69
Q

Recreation

ˌrekriˈeɪʃən

A

leisure activities
SYN: Hobby

His only recreations are drinking beer and watching football.

the provision of recreation facilities (=places or equipment for people to use to enjoy themselves)

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70
Q

Switch

swɪtʃ

A

a button used to turn on lights or machines

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71
Q

Ramp

ræmp

A

a smooth surface that allows access between levels

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72
Q

Exterior

ɪkˈsˈtɪriər

A

the outside of sth

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73
Q

Curb

kɜːrb

A

مهار کردن
the raised edge of the street

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74
Q

Interior

ɪnˈtɪriər

A

the inside of sth

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75
Q

Corridor

ˈkɔːrɪədər

A

hallway

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76
Q

Necessitate

nɪəˈsesɪəteɪt

A

to make nesseccary

Lack of money necessitated a change of plan.

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77
Q

Update

ʌpˈdeɪt

A

to modernize; improve

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78
Q

Capable

ˈkeɪpəbəl

A

able to do sth

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79
Q

Terrain

teˈreɪn

A

the surface of land

rocky terrain

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80
Q

Compact

kəmˈpækt

A

small

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81
Q

Approach

əˈproʊtʃ

82
Q

Circumstance

ˈsɜːrkəmstæns

A

situation

Whether or not you qualify for a loan will depend on your financial circumstances.

83
Q

Obstruction

əbˈstrʌkʃən

A

sth that blocks or stands in the way
SYN: Blockage

Police can remove a vehicle that is causing an obstruction.

84
Q

Hinder

ˈhɪndər

A

to prevent; get in the way
SYN: Hamper

His career has been hindered by injury.

policies that will hinder rather than help families

85
Q

Facial

ˈfeɪʃəl

A

related to the face

Victor’s facial expression didn’t change.

86
Q

Blend

blend

A

a mixture; combination

87
Q

Diagram

ˈdaɪəgræm

A

a simple drawing to explain how sth works

88
Q

Confidence

ˈkɒ:nfɪədəns

A

belief in one’s abilities

She had complete confidence in the doctors.

89
Q

Auditory

ˈɒːdɪətɔːri

A

related to hearing

90
Q

Verbal

ˈvɜːrbəl

A

related to words

91
Q

Recite

A

to say or repeat out loud

92
Q

Kinethetic

ki’nɪəsˈθetɪk◂

A

related to body motion

Kinesthetic learners may find it difficult to sit still in a conventional classroom.

93
Q

Conventional

kənˈvenʃənəl

A

normal; traditional

Bake for 20 minutes in a conventional oven; 8 in a microwave.

94
Q

Fidget

ˈfɪdʒɪət

A

to move constantly in a nervous manner

The kids had started to fidget.
Mnemonic: “Feeling Impatient, Digits Get Energetic Twirling”. This paints a picture of someone’s fingers twirling and moving because they’re feeling impatient, which is the essence of “fidget”

95
Q

Manipulate

məˈnɪpjʊəleɪt

A

to move things around with hands

The workmen manipulated some knobs and levers.

96
Q

Incorporate

ɪnˈkɔːrpəreɪt

A

to add in; bring together

We’ve incorporated many environmentally friendly features into the design of the building.

97
Q

Encouragement

ɪnˈkɜːrɪdʒmənt

A

praise; support to keep going

With encouragement, Sally is starting to play with the other children.

She needed no encouragement to continue (=did not need any encouragement).

98
Q

Solitary

ˈsɑːlɪəteri

A

done alone; independent

a long, solitary walk

99
Q

Expose

ɪkˈspoʊz

A

to give an opportunity to experience or learn new things

Some children are never exposed to classical music.

100
Q

Dominant

ˈdɒ:mɪənənt

A

more important; stronger

its dominant position within the group

101
Q

Alternative

ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv

102
Q

Novel

ˈnɒ:vəl

A

new and unusual

103
Q

Relatively

ˈrelətɪvli

A

نسبتا ناچیز
in comparision to sth else

104
Q

Latter

ˈlætər

A

near the end
OPP: Former

Celebrations are planned for the latter part of November.

105
Q

Compulsory

kəmˈpʌlsəri

A

required

the threat of compulsory redundancies

106
Q

Prior

praɪr

A

before; previous
SYN: Previous

107
Q

Widespread

ˈwaɪdspred

A

common

the widespread use of chemicals in agriculture

108
Q

Tutor

ˈtuːtər

A

a private teacher

109
Q

Instruction

ɪnˈstrʌkʃən

110
Q

Vast

væst

A

very big
SYN: Huge

111
Q

Majority

məˈdʒɒ:rɪəti

A

the larger part; most

112
Q

Exceptional

ɪkˈsepʃənəl

A

special, above average

113
Q

Dissatisfied

dɪˈsætɪəsfaɪd

A

not pleased

114
Q

Philosophy

fɪəˈlɒ:səfi

A

set of beliefs and values

115
Q

Concerned

kənˈsɜːrnd

116
Q

Adequately

ˈædɪkwɪətly

A

well enough
SYN: Sufficiently

117
Q

Address

ˈædres

A

to deal with a problem or issue

118
Q

Mandate

ˈmændeɪt

A

to order officialy; require

The President was elected with a clear mandate to tackle violent crime.

119
Q

Periodic

ˌpˌpɪriˈɑːk◂

A

repeated regularly

120
Q

Obligatory

əˈblɪgətɔːri

A

required
SYN: Mandatory

It is obligatory for companies to provide details of their industrial processes.

121
Q

Gifted

ˈgɪftɪəd

A

having special talents pr abilities

Gifted with a superb voice, she became the Opera’s leading soprano.

122
Q

Inquisitiveness

ɪnˈkwɪzɪətɪvnes

A

desire for knowledge
SYN: Curious

a cheerful, inquisitive little girl

123
Q

Assess

əˈses

A

to messure; to evaluate
SYN: Judge

Many of the adults were assessed as having learning difficulties.

124
Q

Profoundly

prəˈfaʊnd

A

greatly; extremely

profoundly disturbing news

125
Q

Recognize

ˈrekəgnaɪz

A

to identify

126
Q

Moderately

ˈmɒ:dərɪətli

A

somewhat
SYN: Reasonably

He did moderately well in the exams.

127
Q

Transfer

trænsˈfɜːr

A

to move from one plave to another

128
Q

Turn into

tɜːrn

A

to become

Turning the car around, we headed home.

129
Q

Discipline

ˈdɪsɪəplɪən

A

the ability to maintain correct behaviour

serious discipline problems in the police force

130
Q

Constructive

kənˈstrʌktɪv

A

positive; beneficial

Hamed Khademi welcome any constructive criticism.

131
Q

Extraordinary

ɪkˈstrɔːrdn-eri

A

special; exceptional

  • It’s extraordinary that he should make exactly the same mistake again.
  • It took an extraordinary amount of work.
132
Q

Enriched

ɪnˈrɪtʃd

A

improved; describing sth of higher quality

enriched uranium

133
Q

Curriculum

kəˈrɪkjʊələm

A

the set of subjects taught at a school

Languages are an essential part of the school curriculum.

Plural: curricula /-lə/ or curriculums)

134
Q

Peer

pɪə

A

a person at an equal level with another

135
Q

Sophisticated

səˈfɪstɪəkeɪtɪəd

A

advanced; complex

a **highly sophisticated **weapons system

a New York nightclub that was the height of sophistication (=very fashionable and expensive)

136
Q

Interpretation

ɪnˌtɜːrprɪəˈteɪʃən

A

understanding

  • One possible interpretation is that they want you to resign.
  • It’s difficult to put an accurate interpretation on (=explain) the survey results.
  • What exactly the author meant by that statement is open to interpretation (=able to be understood or explained in different ways).
137
Q

Simultaneous

ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəs◂

A

happening at the same time

The speeches will be broadcast live, with simultaneous translation (=immediate translation, as the person is speaking) into English.

138
Q

Withdrawal

wɪðˈdrɒːəl

A

not wanting to participate

Germany’s withdrawal from the talks

139
Q

Dedicate

ˈdedɪəkeɪt

A

to give; devote

140
Q

Remedial

rɪˈmiːdiəl

A

describing educational programs designed to address some area of difficulty

remedial course/ class/ teacher etc

141
Q

Inventor

ɪnˈventər

A

a person who creates new things

142
Q

Inspiration

ˌɪnspɪəˈreɪʃən

A

a sudden good idea; a role model for creativity

He raised his eyes to the altar as if seeking inspiration.

143
Q

Derive

dɪˈraɪv

A

to get sth from sth else; originate

The enzyme is derived from human blood.

این آنزیم از خون انسان مشتق شده است.

144
Q

Current

ˈkɜːrrənt

A

a flow of electricity, water, or air

145
Q

Refinement

rɪˈfaɪnmənt

A

improvement

The new model has a number of refinements.

146
Q

Unveil

ʌnˈveɪl

A

to make public; to uncover

The club has unveiled plans to build a new stadium.

147
Q

Critical

ˈkrɪtɪkəl

A

very important

148
Q

Device

dɪˈvaɪs

A

a machine or tool

149
Q

v.

File

faɪl

A

to officially record sth

The Morrisons have filed for divorce.

150
Q

Patent

ˈpætnt,

A

a right to an invention granted by the government

  • He applied for a patent for a new method of removing paint.
  • He wants to take out a patent on his new type of dustbin.
151
Q

Specifically

spɪəˈsɪfɪkli

A

exactly; for a particular reason

152
Q

Enterpreneur

ˌɑːntrəprəˈnɜːr

A

sb who starts a business

153
Q

v.

Back

bæk

A

to support, especially financially

The scheme has been backed by several major companies in the region.

154
Q

Investor

ɪnˈvestər

A

a person who puts money into a business

155
Q

Ransack

ˈrænsæk

A

to search thoroughly, often violently or carelessly

She ransacked the wardrobe for something to wear.

156
Q

Suitable

ˈsuːtəbəl

A

appropriate; acceptable for sth
OPP: Unsuitable

157
Q

Clamp

klæmp

A

to fasten or hold tightly

Creed opened his mouth to speak, then clamped it shut.

The President clamped sanctions on the island after the bomb attack.

158
Q

Infringement

ɪnˈfrɪndʒment

A

an action that breaks a rule or law

the infringement of human rights

تعدی، تجاوز (نه به اون معنی که تو ذهن شماس دوست عزیز)، تخلف

159
Q

Invalid

ɪnˈvælɪəd

A

not legally correct or acceptable

160
Q

Ruling

ˈruːlɪŋ

A

a legal descision

the recent Supreme Court ruling on defendants’ rights

161
Q

Propeller

prəˈpelər

A

a device that causes an airplane or boat to move

162
Q

Sustained

səˈsteɪnd

A

having the ability to continue for a long time

a period of sustained economic development

163
Q

Coarse

kɔːrs

A

rough; not smooth

a jacket of coarse wool

164
Q

Prolonged

prəˈlɒːŋd

A

طولانی مدت
continuing for longer than usual; too long

* prolonged exposure to the sun
* a prolonged period of time

165
Q

Inflexibility

ɪnˌfleksɪəˈbɪlɪəti

A

inability to change

166
Q

Variable

ˈvəriəbəl

A

able to change

167
Q

Pitch

pɪtʃ

A

the angle or slope of sth

the steep pitch of the roof

168
Q

Blade

bleɪd

A

a thin, flat part of machine

169
Q

Roatation

roʊˈteɪʃən

A

turning motion

170
Q

Cruise

kruːz

A

to travel at a steady speed

We fly at a cruising speed of 500 mph.

171
Q

Reliably

rɪˈlaɪəbli

A

SYN: Dependably

172
Q

Handle

ˈhændl

A

to manage, work well with

173
Q

Turbulence

ˈtɜːrbjʊələns

A

strong, sudden movement in air

174
Q

Aviation

ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən

A

the development, design, and use of aircraft

هوانوردی

175
Q

Design

dɪˈzaɪn

A

a plan for making sth

176
Q

Confer

kənˈfɜːr

A

to discuss; consult with somebody

Mnemonic: “Consult Others Now For Expert Recommendations.”

Franklin leant over and conferred with his attorneys.

177
Q

Enthusiast

ɪnˈθuːziæst

A

a person who is very interested in sth

  • a keep-fit enthusiast
  • an enthusiast for the latest management thinking
178
Q

Isolation

ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən

A

the condition of being alone or separated from others

179
Q

Curiosity

ˌkjʊəriˈɒ:sɪəti

A

interest; need to know

  • I opened the packet just to satisfy my curiosity.
  • The news aroused a lot of curiosity among local people.
  • She decided to follow him out of curiosity.
  • Margaret looked at him with curiosity.
180
Q

Revolutionize

ˌrevəˈluːʃənaɪz

A

to change completely

181
Q

Cable

ˈkeɪbəl

A

wire used for sending electric signals

182
Q

Disparate

ˈdɪspərɪət

A

different

a meeting covering many disparate subjects

183
Q

Utterly

ˈʌtərli

A

totally

You look utterly miserable.

184
Q

v.

Rally

ˈræli

A

to gather support

Fellow Republicans rallied to the President’s defense.

185
Q

Catastrophic

ˌkætəˈstrɒfɪk◂

A

Extremely bad

  • a catastrophic fall in the price of rice
  • The failure of the talks could have catastrophic consequences.
186
Q

Inquiry

ˈɪŋkwəri

A

an official investigation

a judicial inquiry into the deaths

187
Q

Insulation

ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən

A

material used for sending electric signals

glass-fibre insulation

188
Q

Requisite

ˈrekwɪəzɪət

A

need; requirement

He lacks the requisite qualifications.

189
Q

Set out

A

to start an activity

salesmen who deliberately set out to defraud customers

190
Q

Tow

toʊ

A

to pull behind

The ship had to be towed into the harbor.

191
Q

Transmit

trænzˈmɪt

192
Q

Snap

snæp

A

to break suddenly

The wind snapped branches and power lines.

193
Q

Inexplicable

ɪnˈeksplɪkəbəl◂

A

without explaination

For some inexplicable reason, he felt depressed.

194
Q

Compensate

ˈkɒ:mpənseɪt

A

to make up for; balance out

Her intelligence more than compensates for her lack of experience.

Because my left eye is so weak, my right eye has to work harder to compensate.

195
Q

Voltage

ˈvoʊltɪdʒ

A

measure of electric power

196
Q

Vilified

ˈvɪlɪəfaɪd

A

having one’s reputation ruined; being spoken about in a bad way

Johnson was vilified in the press for refusing to resign.

197
Q

Indispensable

ˌɪndɪˈspensəbəl◂

A

completely necessary
SYN: Essential

This book is indispensable to anyone interested in space exploration.

198
Q

Flaw

flɒː

A

a mistake or weakness, especially in design
SYN: Defect

199
Q

Preseverance

ˌpɜːrsɪəˈvɪərəns

A

continuation with a task despite difficulties

It took perseverance to overcome his reading problems.

200
Q

Triumph

ˈtraɪəmf

A

to succeed; win

Winning the championship is a great personal triumph.

Iman's Vocabulary (9 decks)

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