Essential words - Deck 2 Flashcards
Evoke
ɪˈvoʊk
to bring to mind
The photographs evoked strong memories of our holidays in France.
n.
Image
ˈɪmɪdʒ
a mental picture
Sway
sweɪ
to move back and forth
Benefit
ˈbenɪəfɪt
the use; advantage of
Stereotype
ˈsteriətaɪp,
a fixed idea people have, especially one that is wrong
Tradition
trəˈdɪʃən
the custom or belief of a group of people
n.
Altar
ˈɒːltər
a table or similar structure for religious ceremonies
a crucifix above the high altar (=the main altar in a church)
Accompany
əˈkʌmpəni
to go with; happen at the same time
Children under 14 must be accompanied by an adult.
Ritual
ˈrɪtʃuəl
footnote
a set of actions used as part of a ceremony
The lady performs the sacred ritual of lighting candle
Evidence
ˈevɪədəns
signs; proof something is or is not true
Discourage
dɪsˈkɜːrɪdʒ
to try to stop or prevent something
attempts to discourage illegal immigration
v.
Revive
rɪˈvaɪv
to bring back to life
Local people have decided to revive this centuries-old tradition.
n.
Reign
reɪn
the period of time that a king or queen is in power
the reign of James I
Celebration
ˌselɪəˈbreɪʃən
a social event to mark a special day or occasion
I think this is a cause for celebration.
n.
Influence
ˈɪnfluəns
an effect; power
As a scientist, his influence was immense.
adj.
Energitic
ˌenərˈdʒetɪk◂
having a lot of energy
Graceful
ˈgreɪsfəl
having beauty of movement
Her movements were graceful and elegant.
adj.
Elaborate
ɪˈlæbərɪət
having a lot of detail and decoration
a very elaborate telecommunications network
Floral
ˈflɔːrəl
relatted to flowers
There were floral tributes from his colleagues.
Garland
ˈgɑːrlənd
a decorative rope of flowers or leaves
Gesture
ˈdʒestʃər
a movement to express a feeling or idea
Luke made an obscene gesture with his finger.
Portray
pɔːˈtreɪ
to represent; act out
SYN: Depict
Religion was portrayed in a negative way.
n.
Prop
prɑːp
a small object such as a book, weapon etc, used by actors in a play or film
Culminate
ˈkʌlmɪəneɪt
to result in; end with
به حد اعلی رسیدن
A series of events for teachers and students will culminate in a Shakespeare festival next year.
Renowned
rɪˈnaʊnd
famous
He’s renowned as a brilliant speaker.
Prominent
ˈprɒ:mɪənənt
important; major
The World Cup will have a prominent place on the agenda.
Emerge
ɪˈmɜːrdʒ
to apear; develop
Later it emerged that the judge had employed an illegal immigrant.
Illusion
ɪˈluːʒən
appearance of being real; false impression
She was under no illusion that he loved her.
Reminiscent
ˌremɪəˈnɪsənt
similar to; reminding of something
a style strongly reminiscent of Virginia Woolf’s novels
Considerably
kənˈsɪdərəbli
a great deal; noticeably
Atmosphere
ˈætməsfɪr
the feeling of a place
Merge
mɜːrdʒ
to combine
Abstract
ˈæbstrækt
not concrete; related to ideas or feelings
Literal
ˈlɪtərəl
following the exact meaning
Conflict
ˈkɒ:nflɪkt
difficulty; opposition
Humorous
ˈhjuːmərəs
funny; entertaining
Exaggerated
ɪgˈzædʒəreɪtɪəd
made to seem more or bigger
The revenue figures may be slightly exaggerated.
Sharpen sth ↔ up
ˈʃɑːrpən
to improve; perfect
The course will help students sharpen their writing skills.
Effectively
ɪˈfektɪvli
well; successfully
Frailty
ˈfreɪlti
weakness
the frailty of her thin body
Shortage
ˈʃɔːrtɪdʒ
a situation where there is not enough of sth
v.
Cripple
ˈkrɪpəl
فلج کردن
to cause serious damage; weaken
Industry is being crippled by high interest rates.
Complex
kɑːmˈpleks◂
not simple
Vacancy
ˈveɪkənsi
a position or job that needs to be filled
adv.
Abroad
əˈbrɒːd
in a foreign country
Standpoint
ˈstændpɔɪnt
point of view
a discussion of marriage from the standpoint of women
Lure
lʊr
to attract
The bank launched an advertising campaign to lure back its traditional c
Primary
ˈpraɪmeri
main; most important
Decline
dɪˈklaɪn
to gradually go lower; become smaller
Estimate
ˈestɪəmɪət
to guess based on information
Bulk
bʌlk
the largest part
Rudimentary
ˌruːdɪəˈmentəri◂
ناقص، بدوی، ناقص
basic; not well developed
OPP: Sophisticated
Gradually, I acquired a rudimentary knowledge of music.
Epidemic
ˌepɪəˈdemɪk◂
rapid spread of a disease
Rampant
ˈræmpənt
لجام گسیخته
spreading out of control
Iran’s economy suffered from a rampant inflation
Administer
formal
to give medicine or medical treatment
This unit teaches students how to administer first aid.
v.
Stem
stem
formal
to stop the flow of a liquid:
A tight bandage should stem the bleeding.
n.
Supply
səˈplaɪ
the total amout available
Decade
deˈkeɪd
a period of ten years
Qualified
ˈkwɒ:lɪəfaɪd
skilled; able to do a job
Retain
rɪˈteɪn
to keep
You have the right to retain possession of the goods.
adj.
Aerobic
eˈroʊbɪk
relating to energitic exercise
Mood
mood lightens
a feeling; a state of mind
Collocations:
mood lightens: If an atmosphere lightens or a mood lightens, it becomes more relaxed or cheerful than it was.
Cognition
kɒ:gˈnɪʃən
the use of mental process
the regions of the brain that are responsible for memory and cognition
Disorder
dɪsˈɔːdər
a disease or illness
Stimulate
ˈstɪmjʊəleɪt
to cause a response
OPP: Suppess
Light stimulates plant growth.
Regulate
ˈregjʊəleɪt
to control
Rodent
ˈroʊdənt
the group of small animals that includes mice and rats
n.
Concentration
ˌkɒnsənˈtreɪʃən
a large amount of something in a particular place or among particular people
the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
Dementia
dɪˈmenʃiə
an illness that affects the brain and memory, and makes you gradually lose the ability to think and behave normally
Spatial
ˈspeɪʃəl
relating to the position, size, shape etc of things
Stave off
steiv
to keep someone or something from reaching you or affecting you for a period of time
جلوگیری کردن
She brought some fruit on the journey to stave off hunger.
Gravity
ˈgrævɪəti
formal
the extreme and worrying seriousness of a situation
I could not hide from her the gravity of the situation.
Capacity
kəˈpæsɪəti
the amount or quantity that sth can hold
Deteriration
dɪˌtɪrɪˈreɪʃən
the process of becomming worse
uncountable
Diagnose
ˈdaɪəgnəʊz
to identify an illness
Indicate
ˈɪndɪəkeɪt
to show
Counteract
ˌkaʊntərˈækt
to work against
They gave him drugs to counteract his withdrawal symptoms.
Link
lɪŋk
connection
Impaired
ɪmˈperd
damaged or weakend
impaired vision
Previously
ˈpriːviəsli
before
Theoretical
θɪə:ˈretɪkəl
abstract; based on theory
Investigation
ɪnˌvestɪˈgeɪʃən
a study
Fraction
ˈfrækʃən
a small part
Manufacture
ˌmænjʊəˈfæktʃə
to produce
Target
Culture
ˈkʌltʃə
organic materials grown in a labratory situation
tissue cultures
Desirable
dɪˈzaɪrəbəl
wanted; worth having
Enhance
ɪnˈhæns
to improve
The publicity has enhanced his reputation.
Outcome
ˈaʊtkʌm
result
Absorb
əbˈzɔːrb
to take in
Toxic
ˈtɒ:ksɪk
poisonous
Deem
diːm
to believe; judge
SYN: Consider
They deemed that he was no longer capable of managing the business.
v.
Recur
rɪˈkɜːr
to happen or occur again
Love is a recurring theme in the book.
Chronic
ˈkrɒ:nɪk
long-lasting
Ascertain
ˌæsərˈteɪn
مشخص کردن
to determine; find out
SYN: Establish
A postmortem was ordered to try to ascertain the cause of death.
Combat
ˈkɒ:mbæt
to fight against
Monitor
ˈmɑːnɪətər
to watch; observe
Interval
ˈɪntərvəl
the period between two times or events
Alleviate
əˈliːvieɪt
to lessen; ease
a new medicine to alleviate the symptoms of flu
Substance
ˈsʌbstəns
material
Imagination
ɪˌmædʒɪəˈneɪʃən
the ability to think creatively or form pictures in the mind
Archeologist
ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒist
a person who studies ancient cultures
Native
ˈneɪtɪv
original to a place
Site
saɪt
place
Ceremonial
ˌserɪəˈmoʊniəl◂
related to traditional or formal practices
Native American ceremonial robes
تشریفاتی
Construct
kənˈstrʌkt
to build
Precisely
prɪˈsaɪsli
exactly
Temperature can be measured precisely.
Formal: ‘It needs to be dealt with now.’ ‘Precisely, before it gets any worse.’
Spectacular
spekˈtækjʊələr
wonderful to see
a mountainous area with spectacular scenery
Mystery
ˈmɪstəri
sth strange, unknown, or difficult to understand
Twenty years after the event, his death remains a mystery.
Draw
drɒː
to attract; pull
The festival is likely to draw huge crowds.
Adventurous
ədˈventʃərəs
daring; willing to try new or dangerous activities
Network
ˈnetwɜːrk
a system of various parts that work together
n.
Marvel
ˈmɑːrvəl
a wonderful thing
SYN: Miracle
an engineering marvel
v.
Institute
ˈɪnstɪətuːt
اقدام کردن
to begin
We had no choice but to institute court proceedings against the airline.
Restriction
rɪˈstrɪkʃən
an official limit on sth
Preserve
prɪˈzɜːrv
to protect; save
We must encourage the planting of new trees and preserve our existing woodlands.
Pertain to sth
pəˈteɪn
be related to sth
legislation pertaining to employment rights
Luxury
ˈlʌkʃəri
something expensive that you do not need, but you buy for pleasure and enjoyment
OPP: Necessity
Accessible
əkˈsesɪəbəl
reachable; easy to get
OPP: Inaccessible
Upside
ˈʌpsaɪd
advantage; good part
OPP: Downside
The upside of the whole thing is that we got a free trip to Jamaica.
Concept
ˈkɒ:nsept
idea
Publicity
pʌˈblɪsɪəti
activity that makes smth known to the public
Practice
ˈpræktɪəs
a custom; method
Injure
ˈɪndʒər
to hurt
Strive
straɪv
to work very hard to do sth
I was still striving to be successful.
Avoid
əˈvɔɪd
to prevent from happening; stay away from
Category
ˈkætɪəgɔːri
a group of things that have sth in common
Destination
ˌdestɪəˈneɪʃən
the place sb or sth is going to
Volunteer
vɑːlənˈtɪr
to work for no pay; freely offer to do sth
Wilderness
ˈwɪldənɪəs
natural region away from towns and cities
the Alaskan wilderness
Accommodations
əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃənz
a place to stay such as a hotel
Recycling
riːˈsaɪklɪŋ
collection and treatment of trash for reuse
Barrier
ˈbæriər
sth that blocks or separates
Culprit
ˈkʌlprɪət
guilty party; origin of a problem
Police finally managed to catch the culprit.
Dump
dʌmp
to get rid of garbage and trash
Delicate
ˈdelɪkɪət
easily hurt or broken
SYN: Fragile
Pleasure
ˈpleʒər
enjoyment
Remote
rɪˈmoʊt
far away
adj.
Wary
ˈweri
not completely trusting
I’m a bit wary of driving in this fog.
Keep a wary eye on the weather before you set sail.
Principle
ˈprɪnsɪəpəl
rule; basic idea behind a system
Ongoing
ˈɑːnˌgoʊɪŋ
continuing
Survey
ˈsɜːrveɪ
a study of opinions in a sample of the population
Endeavo(u)r
ɪnˈdevər
an attempt to do something new or difficult
They made every endeavour to find the two boys.
v.
Sponsor
spɑːnsər
to organize and be responsible for
Hone
hoʊn
to sharpen; improve
He set about honing his skills as a draughtsman.
Supervision
ˌsuːpərˈvɪʒən
direction; assistance
Breeze
briːz
light wind
flowers waving in the breeze
Colorful
ˈkʌlərfəl
interesting and unusual
Charlie Chaplin had a long and colorful career.
Cuisine
kwɪˈziːn
style of cooking
* French cuisine
* the traditional cuisine of the Southwest
Ingredient
ɪnˈgriːdiənt
an item in a recipe
Acquire
əˈkwaɪr
to learn sth or get sth
Enroll
ɪnˈroʊl
to sign up for a class
Residential
ˌrezɪəˈdenʃəl◂
with living accomodations, related to housing
Content
ˈkɒ:ntent
subject matter
Economical
iːkəˈnɒ:mɪkəl
inexpensive
Resort
rɪˈzɔːrt
a vacation place
Costly
ˈkɒːstli
expensive
Broad
brɒːd
wide or large
Taste
teɪst
preference
Budget
ˈbʌdʒɪət
a plan for spending money
Particular
pərˈtɪkjʊələr
Specific
Motivation
ˌmoʊtɪəˈveɪʃən
reason for doing sth
Characteristic
ˌkærɪəktəˈrɪstɪk◂
feature; quality
a baby discovering the physical characteristics of objects
Niche
Compete
kəmˈpiːt
to do as well as or better that others
Product
ˈprɒ:dʌkt
sth that is made
Unique
juːˈniːk
special; different from all others
Personalized
ˈpɜːsənəlaɪzd
made or done especially for a certain person
Edge
edʒ
an advantage
Reputation
ˌrepjʊəˈteɪʃən
the general opinion about sth or sb
Vital
ˈvaɪtl
very important; necessary for success
SYN: Crucial
The work she does is absolutely vital.
Potential
pəˈtenʃəl
possible
adj.
Sound
saʊnd
healthy; without financial risk
a sound investment: Property is usually a sound investment.
Profit
ˈprɒfɪət
money earned after paying costs
v.
Project
ˈprɒ:dʒekt
to estimate; calculate a future amount
Afloat
əˈfloʊt
having enough money to pay what you owe
The Treasury borrowed £40 billion, just to stay afloat.
Financial
faɪˈnænʃəl
related to money
Inevitably
ɪˈnevɪətəbli
certainly; to be expected
به ناچار
The decision will inevitably lead to political tensions.
Tip
tip
a piece of advice
Initial
ɪˈnɪʃəl
first; beginning
Conglomerate
kənˈglɒmərɪət
large company that owns smaller companies
Hezardastan conglomerate
Fleeting
ˈfliːtɪŋ
brief; ending quickly
Carol was paying a fleeting visit to Paris.
Brand
brænd
company name for a product
Bond
bɑːnd
connection
Reverse
rɪˈvɜːrs
to turn around; changing to its opposite
More changes are required to reverse the trend towards centralised power
Consistently
kənˈsɪstəntli
regularly; always
Passion
ˈpæʃən
a strong feeling or interest in
Convince
kənˈvɪns
to get sb to do or believe sth
Staple
ˈsteɪpəl
a basic household item
Endorsment
ɪnˈdɔːrsment
public support for sth
The Prime Minister is unlikely to endorse this view.
n.
Status
ˈstætəs
social position
Doctors have traditionally enjoyed high social status.
Ignore
ɪgˈnɔːr
to not pay attention to
Outperform
ˌaʊtpəˈfɔːrm
perform better than
Loyalty
ˈlɔɪəlti
faithfulness; belief in sth
Phenomenon
fɪˈnɑːmɪənɑːn
Edit me
Homelessness is not a new phenomenon.
Prevail
prɪˈveɪl
غالب شدن
to be common among certain groups; be stronger
the economic conditions which prevail in England and Wales
adj.
Burgeoning
ˈbɜːdʒənin
growing
the burgeoning market for digital cameras
Promote
prəˈmoʊt
to advertise
Thirst
θɜːrst
a strong desire for sth
the thirst for knowledge in Renaissance Italy
Selective
sɪəˈlektɪv
internationally choosing some things and not others
