Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Russian History > Essay topic 3 > Flashcards

Essay topic 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

What percentage of the party was expelled in 1935 and alongside which 2 prominent figures

A

9%

Kamanev and Zinoviev

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which consequence of collectivisation led to further opposition in

A

Famine of 1932-33

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who led the call for political change and what was his former role in party

A

Ryutin (former Moscow Party Secretary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What did Ryutin circulate among party members and when

A

March 1932

200-page document entitled ‘Stalin and the Crisis of the proletariat dictatorship’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who overruled Stalin’s call for execution of the Ryutina platform (traitors)

A

Kirov

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was the consequence/ outcome for Ryutin platform

March 1932

A

Ryutin was imprisoned for 10 years
Kamanev, Zinoviev and 14 other expelled from party
Further 24 expulsions the next month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

By 1934 what proportion of party had been expelled in a chistka and what were they branded

A

By 1934 1/5 of the party had been branded ‘Ryutinites’ and expelled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Term for a non-violent purge

A

chistka

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When was the ‘Congress of Victors’ and what was its purpose

A

1934

To elect CC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Kirov v Stalin votes in ‘Congress of Victors’

A

Kirov- 1,225 votes

Stalin- 927 votes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who tried to persuade Kirov to stand as General Secretary and how did he react

A

Group of Old Bols

He refused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did the rise of Kirov and his support from Old Bols show Stalin

A

Had to purge the party as it could no longer be trusted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Causes of great terror

A
  1. Rise of and murder of Kirov
  2. Stalin’s paranoia
  3. Political opposition
  4. Economic motives
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What caused Stalin’s paranoia

A

Felt unable to trust many within Comm party

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did Stalin believe, despite being unchallenged ruler of USSR

A

Despite being unchallenged ruler of USSR, believed he still had many enemies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why did recent history of the party fuel Stalin’s paranoia and make him anxious

A

Trotsky, Zonoviev and Bukharin had all fallen from leading positions in party and Stalin feared same may happen to him

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What did Stalin believe about the ideology of many party members

A

Believed many were not truly converted to his version of socialism and was worried Old Communists, who had been members before Civil War, would try to overthrow him as they knew truth about his rise to power and Lenin’s view that he did not deserve to be General Secretary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which bodies did Stalin believe to have too much power and what dud this lead Stalin to fear

A

Red Army and secret police

Lack of control over such bodied led him to fear assasination attempts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What was the importance of the NKVD in the countryside

A

Compiled extensive reports on discontent with collectivisation in the countryside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When was the NKVD introduced/ given power

A

10 July 1934

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When did Yegoda control NKVD and when was he shot

A

1934-36

Shot in 1938

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When did Yezhov control NKVD and when was he shot

A

1937-38

Shot in 1940

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When did Beria control NKVD and when was he shot

A

1938-45

Shot in 1956

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Who did Stalin send to labour camps whilst pushing through FYPs and why

A

Specialists and engineers sent to gulgas for machine-breaking and sabotage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When was the Shakty Trial

A

1928

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Who was purged in Shakty trials

A

1928: managers and technicians at Shakty coal mine who questioned pace of industrialisation were accused of ‘counter revolutionary espionage’
Forced to confess in public ‘show trial’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

When was the ‘Industrial Party’ show trial and who was purged

A

Nov 1930

Random group of Industrialists, Mensheviks and SRs accused of sabotage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

When was the Metro-Vickers trial and who were purged

A

1933

British specialists found gulity of wrecking activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Why did Stalin aim to purge and expose ‘wreckers’

A

As an excuse for ongoing difficulties of FYPs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Who did Stalin claim ‘wreckers’ and ‘sabetours’ were employed by and why

A

Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev to deliberately sabotage Russia’s economy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What did the purger provide for Russia’s economy

A

A huge resovouir of cheap labour.
Majority of those purged sent to gulags and used as slave labour and vital to projects commissioned by FYPs such as Magnitogorsk and Stalinsk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

When was Kirov assasinated

A

Dec 1934

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How did Stalin aim to opress Kirov after ‘Congress of Victors’

A

Attempted to exclude him from Politburo but insisted that he stayed in Leningrad to supervise local party

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What title was abolished and what title did Stalin and Kirov take instead

A

Title of ‘General Secretary’ abolished in favour of ‘Secretary of Equal Rank’ for Stalin and Kirov

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the importance of the title ‘Secretary of Equal Rank’

A

Meant, in theory, Stalin was no longer more important than other secretaries

36
Q

Who did Stalin pin murder of Kirov on and what power did he give NKVD as a result

A

Quick to claim was Kirov’s murder was a Trotsyite plot to overthrow the party. A decree published day after assasination, giving Yagoda (head of NKVD) the power to arrest and execute anyone found gulity of ‘terrorits plotting’

37
Q

How many party members shot and sent to labour camps following Kirov’s assasination

A

Over 100 shot and 1000s more arrested and sent to labour camps

38
Q

Who were arrested in Jan 1935

A

Zinoviev, Kamanev and 17 other arrested and accused of instigating terrorism and sentenced to 5-10 years inprisonment.
Soon after, 12 NKVD members in Leningrad found guilty and imprisoned

39
Q

When was the death penalty extended to anyone aware of subversive activity

A

June 1935

40
Q

When was the ‘Decree against terrorist acts’ introduced and what was its significance

A

Immediately after Kirov’s assasination

3000 suspected conspirators rounded up and imprisoned or murdered

41
Q

How did Stalin use vacant positions as a means of enhancing security (2 examples)

A

Filled vacant positions with Stalin supporters
Eg 1: Kirov’s role as Leningrad boss was filled by Andrei Zhdanov
Eg 2: Moscow post was filled by Nikita Kruschev

42
Q

Who filled Moscow post and was a Stalin supporter

A

Kruschev

43
Q

Who filled Kirov’s post as Leningrad boss and was a Stalin supporter

A

Zhdanov

44
Q

How many of the delegates at the 1934 17th Party Congress were executed in the 3 years following

A

Of 1996 delegates, 1108 were executed
1996
1108

45
Q

How many CC members were elected in 17th Party Congress and how many executed during purge

A

139

All but 41 executed

46
Q

When was the Stalin enrolment

A

1931-34

47
Q

Impact of Stalin enrolement

A

Meant many new members were not involved in Oct Rev and joined to advance their careers. Therefore, owed their privileges to Stalin’s patronage. Self-interest of these members meant they would stay loyal to him.

48
Q

When was the Trial of 16

A

1936

49
Q

Who was executed following Trial of 16

A

Zinvoiev, Kamanev and 14 of their supporters

50
Q

What was the accusation for Trial of 16

A

Accused of Kirov’s murder and plotting to disrupt FYPs

51
Q

What was 1st trialed in Trail of 17

A

Yezhov’s Conveyor belt system of pervasive torture and questioning

52
Q

When was the Trial of 17

A

1937

53
Q

Who was executed and imprisoned following Trial of 17

A

17 of Trotsky’s former allies (including Sokolnikov, Pyatakov, Radek and Ordzhonikidze)

54
Q

Accusation of Trial of 17

A

Plotting with foreign powers, terrorism and contact with Trotsky

55
Q

When was the Trial of 21

A

1938

56
Q

Who was purged in Trial of 21

A

Bukharin, Rykov, Yagoda and Tomsky
Bukharin’s wife and new-born baby threatened with execution
Never gained a full confession from Bukarin but executed anyway

57
Q

What were the charges if the Trial of 21

A

Bukharin: attempting to assasinate Lenin
Others: Tryint to overthrow socialism and the murder of Kirov

58
Q

Who was targted in Military Purge

A 
Tukachevsky
2 Marshals of the Soviet Union
11 War Commisars
50% of officer corps
34,000 soldiers purged from army
59
Q

When was Military Purge

A

1937

60
Q

When was Stalin Constitution drafted and by who

A

1936 (1st year of Show Trials)

Dragted by Bukhrain

61
Q

Purpose of Stalin Constitution

A

Give the illsion of democracy by promising four-yearly elections with right to vote for all over age of 18 (raised to 23 in 1945) and stated civil rights, religious freedom and freedom of speech (none of which existed and was just a paper measure)
Main Purpose= Impress foreigners as seen via promise of local autonomy to ethnic groups and support for national cultures and languages

62
Q

Yezhovshina date

A

1936-38

63
Q

When was terror relaxed

A

1939

64
Q

When was Trotsky assasinated and where

A

1940

Mexico (exile)

65
Q

Who set targets like Gosplan had and FYPs

A

NKVD set targets for arrests

66
Q

How many party members were convicted of being enemies of the people 1934-38

A

330,000

67
Q

Who announced a ‘gigantic conspiracy’ in May 1937 and what was it and what was consequence

A

Vyshinsky
Conspiracy in Red Army
Tukhachevsky and 7 other generals arrested . Tukachevsky chatged for having spied for Germany and Japan

68
Q

Who was purged/ removed from party under Yezhovshina

A

All 11 War Commisars
3 of the 5 marshals dismissed
80 men from Supreme Military Council executed
14/16 army commanders removed
35,000 commissioned officers imprisoned or shot

69
Q

Purpose of NKVD Order No. 00447

A

Demanded removal of ‘anti-Soviet elements’ from Russian society

70
Q

How many people were on NKVD list of people belived to be involved in anti-Sov activity and what percent to be shot and gulag

A

Over 250,000
28% were to be shot
Remaining given 8-10 years in gulag

71
Q

How did Russians respond to NKVD Order No.00447

A

Many collaborated enthusiastically with state-sponsored persecution. Due to fear, but was also common for workers to denounce their bosses, hoping they’d be removed and they could therefore be promoted

72
Q

What did Order 00447 set up and what did it do

A

Set up small NKVD committees at regional levels, which classified kulaks and other anti-Sov elements into 2 categories
1st= execution
2nd= gulags

73
Q

What proportion of population was arrested under Yezhovshina

A

1/8

1 in every 8

74
Q

How many were arrested within a month of arrest list.

How many of these sent to gulags and what professions

A

100,000 arrested
14,000 sent to gulags
Included artists, musicians, writers, managers and adminstrators

75
Q

How many members of party were removed between 1936-38

A

850,000

76
Q

How many party members recruited since 1920 survived the purges/terror

A

Less than 1/4

77
Q

What was the impact on some rural areas

A

Some rural areas went untouched

78
Q

Inmate numbers 1935 and 1938

A

1935: 800,000
1938: 5.5-9.5 million

79
Q

How do mortality rates in gulags compare to rest of Russia

A

4-6x higher in gulags

80
Q

Which nationalities were deported (3 examples)

A

1937: Korean mortalities depotred to Asia
1939: Poles and Germans deported
1941: Volga Germans deported to Siberia

81
Q

Who were arrested (religion)

A

Many Rabbis and religious leaders

82
Q

When was Yezhov arrested and when shot

A

April 1939

Feb 1940

83
Q

Political impact of terror

A

Helped Stalin to maintain control and ensure conformity to Sov population.
Destroyed all leading opponents
Stalin= omly member of original 1917 CC alive by 1938

84
Q

Who was the only member of the original 1917 CC alive by 1938

A

Stalin

85
Q

Economic impact of terror

A

Coincided with economic slowdown of 1937
Led to shortage of industrial expertise and skilled labour as been accused of ‘wreckers’ or ‘sabetours’
In climate of fear, economic planning impossible, due to falsification of production figures by local Comm Party officials and factory managers fearful of failing to meet targets

86
Q

When was economic slowdown

A

1937

87
Q

People responsible for terror

A

Stalin= initiator and driving force
Local offcials= Stalinism not all-embracing as often thought. so local officials use own initiative in applying terror. Disruption caused by indust and collect meant many resorted to extreme measures.

Russian History (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions