Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Gastroenterology > Esophagus > Flashcards

Esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

Esophagus blood supply (3)

A

inferior thyroid artery (cervical), bronchial arteries (thoracic), left gastric artery (abdominal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Type I achalasia description

A

classic - complete failure of LES relaxation and absent peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Type II achalasia description

A

achalasia w/ pressurization - panesophageal pressurization w/ incomplete relaxation of LES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Type III achalasia description

A

spastic - spasms or rapid, premature contractions along the esophagus, without relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prague Criteria: esophagitis severity (degree of damage)

A

0: no injury
1: erythema
2: inflammation with erosions
3: ulcerations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prague Criteria: extent of involvement

A

0: none
1: <25%
2: 25-50%
3: 50-75%
4: >75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Prague Criteria: type of lesion

A

mild
moderate
severe stricture formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Normal LES pressure

A

10-30 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Normal integrated relaxation pressure (IRP)

A

<15 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Normal esophageal pressures

A

30-40 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Normal amplitude for distal contractions

A

20-80 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Type I achalasia treatment (2)

A

pneumatic dilation or Heller myotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Type III achalasia treatment (2)

A

botox or surgery (due to spastic nature)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mucosa type w/ Barrett’s

A

columnar, intestinal metaplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Octreotide dose for bleeding varices

A

50 mcg IV bolus, then 50 mcg/hr infusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Biopsy results diagnostic for EoE

A

> /= 15 eosinophils/hpf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Follow-up study needed when EoE is diagnosed

A

repeat endoscopy after 8 weeks of PPI therapy to confirm diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Indications for dilation of esophageal webs (2)

A

webs > 1 cm
webs causing dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

LA grade A esophagitis

A

1+ break < 5mm
doesn’t extend 2 mucosal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

LA grade B esophagitis

A

1+ break > 5mm
doesn’t extend 2 mucosal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

LA grade C esophagitis

A

1+ break extends 2+ folds
involves < 75% of the esophageal circumference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

LA grade D esophagitis

A

1+ break >/= 75% of the esophageal circumference

23
Q

Oropharyngeal dysphagia vs esophageal onset

A

oropharyngeal: immediate (initiation of swallowing)
esophageal: delayed (after swallowing)

24
Q

Oropharyngeal dysphagia vs esophageal solids and liquids symptoms

A

oropharyngeal: difficulty w/ both
esophageal: start w/ solids, can progress to liquids

25
Regurgitation as a common symptom (oropharyngeal vs esophageal dysphagia)
esophageal
26
Oropharyngeal dysphagia diagnosis (3)
1) clinical 2) video fluoroscopic swallow study 3) endoscopy
27
Esophageal dysphagia diagnosis (3)
1) barium swallow 2) manometry 3) endoscopy
28
Manometry findings associated w/ hyper contractile esophagus
high amplitude contractions, > 180 mmHg
29
Manometry findings associated w/ scleroderma
hypotensive LES, absent peristalsis
30
Findings for positive ambulatory pH monitor for GERD
pH < 4 for > 4.2% of the time
31
Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma (4)
smoking alcohol achalasia HPV infection
32
Risk factors for adenocarcinoma (3)
GERD Barrett's esophagus obesity
33
SCC vs adenocarcinoma location
SCC: mid- to upper esophagus adenocarcinoma: distal esophagus
34
SCC vs adenocarcinoma symptoms
SCC: dysphagia (solids > liquids), weight loss adenocarcinoma: dysphagia, reflux
35
Length of the esophagus
25 cm
36
Muscle type in cervical esophagus
striated
37
Muscle type in thoracic esophagus
mixed striated and smooth
38
Muscle type in abdominal esophagus
smooth
39
LES pressure in achalasia
increased
40
Type of achalasia w/o peristalsis
I (classic)
41
Type II achalasia treatment
POEM
42
Prague Criteria extent (mucosal involvement)
0: none 1: < 25% 2: 25-50% 3: 50-75% 4: > 75%
43
Prague Criteria severity (degree of damage)
0: no injury 1: erythema 2: inflammation w/ erosions 3: ulcerations
44
Prague Criteria lesion type
mild moderate severe
45
Prague Criteria reflux pattern
continuous episodic nocturnal
46
Labs to monitor if on PPI (4)
magnesium calcium B12 (long-term use) kidney function (long-term use)
47
Three common side effects of PPI
headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea
48
Supplementation needed while on PPI (4)
vitamin D calcium B12 folate
49
Supplementation needed if achalasia (3)
multivitamin B12 iron
50
Medication and dose for patients w/ varices
20mg propranolol BID
51
Indications for esophageal web dilation (2)
1 cm dysphagia
52
Treatment of esophageal spasms (2)
CCB (ie: diltiazem 30mg TID) nitrates
53
PPI (protonix) dosing for UGIB
80mg IV bolus then 8mg/hr

Gastroenterology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions