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Week 3 > Erythrocytes and Erythrocyte Indices > Flashcards

Erythrocytes and Erythrocyte Indices Flashcards

1
Q

what are erythrocytes for?

A

oxygen and carbon dioxide transport

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2
Q

what are leucocytes for?

A

defence mechanisms

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3
Q

what are platelets for?

A

platelet plug (bleeding)

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4
Q

what does haematocrit mean?

A

packed cell volume

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5
Q

what is the normal mean corpuscular volume?

A

80-95 fl

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6
Q

what does fl stand for?

A

femtolitre

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7
Q

what is the mean corpuscular volume?

A

average volume of one red blood cell

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8
Q

how do you calculate the mean corpuscular volume?

A

volume of large number of RBC’s / number of RBC’s or MCV = PCV or Hct / RBC

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9
Q

what is the mean corpuscular haemoglobin?

A

average amount of haemoglobin in 1 RBC

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10
Q

how do you calculate the mean corpuscular haemoglobin?

A

amount of Hb in a large number of RBC’s / number of RBC’s or MCH = Hb / RBC

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11
Q

what is MCV measured in?

A

femtolitres fl

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12
Q

what is MCH measured in?

A

picograms pg

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13
Q

what is mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration?

A

average concentration of haemoglobin in one red cell

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14
Q

how do you calculate MCHC?

A

amount of Hb in one red cell / volume of one red cell or MCHC = MCH / MCV

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15
Q

what is MCHC measured in?

A

grams per litre g/L

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16
Q

what is another way to calculate MCHC?

A

amount of haemoglobin in a large number of RBC’s / volume of these RBC’s or MCHC = Hb / PCV or Hct

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17
Q

what is normal?

A

range 95% of population have values between these limits (mean +/- standard deviations)

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18
Q

what are the normal ranges of haemoglobin?

A

m - 130-170 g/L

f - 115-160 g/L

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19
Q

what are the normal ranges of red cell count?

A

m - 4.3-5.7 x10^12 / l

f - 3.9-5.1 x10^12 / l

20
Q

what are the normal ranges of haematocrit or packed cell volume?

A

m - 0.39-0.50 l/l

f - 0.34-0.47 l/l

21
Q

what are these normal ranges dependent on?

A

sea level an altitude

22
Q

what would happen to the normal levels of a person at higher altitudes?

A

PCV increased and more Hb and RBC’s to compensate for reduced O2

23
Q

what is haemolysis?

A

the rupture or destruction of RBC’s

24
Q

what can induce haemolysis?

A

drugs

25
Q

describe iron metabolism… (6)

A

intake, absorbed, bound to plasma membrane, bone marrow, haemoglobin in RBC’s, storage and breakdown

26
Q

what are the 2 reasons for anaemia?

A

reduction in Hb or RBC concentration in blood or reduced supply of O2 to the tissues

27
Q

what are clinical symptoms? (2)

A

things a patient complains about and changes caused by the disease process eg breathlessness, fatigue

28
Q

what is a clinical sign?

A

changes observed by the clinician eg pallor, glossitis

29
Q

what are the 2 reasons for the change in the number of RBC’s or Hb?

A

the cells are not being manufactured or the cells are being lost

30
Q

what are the 3 reasons for the RBC’s not being manufactured?

A

a defect in the process, lack of building materials, not manufactured correctly eg genetic defect

31
Q

what are 2 ways in which the RBC’s could be lost?

A

bleeding, change in the lifespan of the cells

32
Q

what could cause a change in the lifespan of the cells? (2)

A

destroyed prematurely, defective cells that don’t function correctly

33
Q

what are platelets involved in?

A

clot formation

34
Q

how big is a platelet?

A

2-3 microns

35
Q

what is the lifespan of a platelet?

A

5-9 days

36
Q

how many platelets are made daily?

A

10 ^11

37
Q

what are platelets derived from?

A

megakaryocytes

38
Q

how many platelets does each megakaryocyte make?

A

5,000-10,000

39
Q

how are old platelets destroyed and in what cells?

A

phagocytosis in spleen and Kupffer cells in the liver

40
Q

how does a megakaryocyte divide

A

it grows forming branches until platelets bud off from it

41
Q

what is haemostasis?

A

the stopping of blood flow

42
Q

how is vascular injury arrested? (2)

A

vasoconstriction and coagulation cascade ***

43
Q

what is a thrombosis?

A

local coagulation or clotting of the blood in the circulatory system

44
Q

describe what happens when a thrombus occurs? (3)

A

thrombus forms, mass formed in blood vessels, aggregation of platelets

45
Q

what happens during a venous thrombus? (2)

A

breaks off (embolus), trapped in lung (pulmonary embolus)

46
Q

how many cases of pulmonary emboli as a results of venous thrombus are there in the USA per year?

A

600,000

47
Q

how many fatalities are there from pulmonary emboli?

A

20,000-50,000

Week 3 (9 decks)

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