Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Week 3 > CVS 2 Blood Vessels and Lymphatics > Flashcards

CVS 2 Blood Vessels and Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

what allows exchange of tissue fluid and molecules?

A

capillary beds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the sequence of blood flow?

A

arteries, capillaries, veins, lymphatics (and lymph nodes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what 3 layers do larger blood vessels have?

A

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are 2 features of the tunica media?

A

elastic and muscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is tunica adventitia?

A

supportive connective tissue and fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what part of each tunica vary with vessel size and function?

A

the relative thickness or proportion of each tunica and their primary constituents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are examples of 2 large arteries?

A

aorta and pulmonary trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what kind of arteries are the aorta, pulmonary trunk?

A

elastic, conducting arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are 3 examples of medium arteries?

A

femoral, axillary, carotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what kind of arteries are the medium arteries and what do they do?

A

mainly muscular to control distribution and flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the structure of veins and what is their function?

A

thin-walled often with valves and return blood to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what vessels expand during systole?

A

the conducting vessels -aorta and pulmonary trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what helps drive the blood onward during diastole?

A

elastic recoil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the tunica media like in muscular arteries?

A

a relatively thick layer of circular smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do muscular arteries do?

A

they distribute blood to regions and organs as well as regulating blood flow by constriction or relaxation of their walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what happens if there is occlusion (blockage) of a principle artery to a region?

A

the smaller collateral, muscular arteries enlarge to carry needed blood to the ischemic area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when injured what do muscular arteries do and why?

A

they contract to prevent haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

give 3 examples of muscular arteries?

A

internal and external carotid (neck), axillary (upper limb), femoral (lower limb)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

proximally the arteries are…

A

elastic or mixed ie elastic becoming muscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

distally the arteries are…

A

muscular but decreasing in thickness and calibre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the function of arterial anastomosis?

A

ensures supple of blood to the hand and fingers in any position of the upper limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the two arterial arches in the hand?

A

deep palmer arch and superficial palmar arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where are the arterial arches derived from?

A

both the radial and ulnar arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the structure of lower limb arteries?

A

muscular and distributing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

where does the femoral artery lie?

A

in the groin with its vein medially and the femoral nerve laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what do larger arteries have alongside or fairly close to them?

A

separate veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

give an example of smaller artery?

A

radial anterior tibial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what do smaller arteries have around them?

A

venae comitantes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what does the pulsation of the artery aid?

A

venous return to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what might plaque of atheroma forming within arteries lead to?

A

the formation or thrombus (blood clot) and vascular occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what happens to the structure when arteries branch and divide?

A

they become progressively thinner walled and with a narrower calibre with smooth muscle still being present in the media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is the structure of arterioles?

A

arteries less than 0.5mm in diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is the structure of metarterioles?

A

same in diameter as capillaries but with one layer of smooth muscle cells in their walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is the structure of capillaries?

A

tube of endothelium only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what is endothelium?

A

flat squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is a postcapillary venule?

A

the smallest venule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what do capillaries do?

A

form a network between arterioles and venules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what do arterioles do?

A

branch of an artery leading into capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what do arteries do?

A

transport blood (usually oxygenated) from the heart to all parts of the body

40
Q

what do veins do?

A

carries mainly oxygen-depleted blood towards the heart

41
Q

what do venules do?

A

very small vein, especially one collecting blood from the capillaries

42
Q

what do metarterioles do?

A

a small peripheral blood vessel between the arterioles and the true capillaries that contain scattered groups of smooth muscle in their wall

43
Q

what happens at certain times for example when the skin may need to lose heat?

A

the organs almost shut down so that blood can be diverted to where demand is high

44
Q

which organs especially should always have their blood flow maintained?

A

brain, kidneys, lungs, heart

45
Q

capillaries are the sites of exchange of… (4)

A

CO2, O2, nutrients and hormones

46
Q

what do capillaries exchange things between?

A

blood and cells of body

47
Q

what are capillaries supported on?

A

the basal lamina

48
Q

what kind of muscle do capillaries have in their walls?

A

smooth

49
Q

the basal lamina of capillaries splits to enclose pericytes that may…

A

contract and constrict the capillaries

50
Q

what is a pericyte?

A

myoepithelial cells

51
Q

for veins and venules the media is…

A

thin and often incomplete with only a few smooth muscle fibres

52
Q

as the vessel becomes thicker, the amount of muscle in the media of veins and venules …

A

increases and also develops a thick adventitia

53
Q

what can pass through the walls of venules?

A

leukocytes

54
Q

what are the valves of venules connected to and what are they covered in?

A

the intima and are covered by endothelium

55
Q

where are the lower limb arteries situated?

A

deeply within the muscle compartments

56
Q

what are the lower limb arteries accompanied by?

A

venae comitantes

57
Q

what do the venae comitantes converge to form?

A

the popliteal vein

58
Q

what does the popliteal vein continue as?

A

the femoral

59
Q

what does the femoral continue as?

A

the external to common iliac to inferior vena cava

60
Q

what is superficial in the lower limbs in terms of blood flow?

A

a system of veins

61
Q

give 2 veins that lie immediately under the skin?

A

great (long) saphenous vein and small (short) saphenous vein

62
Q

venous flow is from…

A

superficial to deep

63
Q

what helps venous return to the heart against gravity?

A

muscle pump, arterial pulsation and negative intrathoracic pressure

64
Q

how can muscle help blood move against gravity in a lower limb?

A

the thick fascia surrounding muscle doesn’t allow it to expand and so it moves inwards putting pressure on vein and forcing it up

65
Q

what is the most important vein in the upper limb?

A

median cubital vein

66
Q

what does the median cubital vein link?

A

the cephalic and basilic veins across the front of the elbow joint

67
Q

where is blood often taken and why must care be taken when doing so?

A

median cubital artery but care must be taken to avoid the brachial artery and median nerve posteriorly

68
Q

where does the superior vena cava drain blood from and where does it go? (3)

A

the head, neck and upper limbs to the right atrium

69
Q

what vein drains the thoracic wall to the superior vena cava?

A

azygous vein

70
Q

what drains into the inferior vena cava? (4)

A

the lower limbs, pelvis, kidneys, abdominal wall

71
Q

what does the inferior vena cava enter and pass through?

A

enters the right atrium and passes through the diaphragm immediately before

72
Q

where does venous blood from the components of the GI tract and spleen go?

A

the hepatic portal vein through the liver before it joins to the inferior vena cava

73
Q

what is it called when the venous blood does not return directly to the heart?

A

(hepatic) portal circulation

74
Q

apart from the liver, what else has a portal circulation?

A

the pituitary gland

75
Q

why is the lymphatic system important?

A

it helps the veins remove the interstitial, tissue fluid, which is then called lymph

76
Q

what are the multitude of lymph capillaries?

A

thin-walled endothelial tubes

77
Q

superficial is related to…

A

veins

78
Q

deep is related to…

A

arteries

79
Q

what does drainage using the lymphatic system depend on?

A

adjacent muscle activity and valves to prevent backflow

80
Q

what is the tissue fluid or lymph filtered by?

A

lymph nodes

81
Q

what is formed at lymph nodes?

A

lymphocytes (protective cells in the body)

82
Q

where else are lymphocytes made? (4)

A

tonsils, thymus, spleen, intestinal wall

83
Q

where may tumours spread?

A

in the lymphatics

84
Q

where are inguinal nodes?

A

superficial, inferior to inguinal ligament and alongside the great saphenous vein in the groin

85
Q

where are deep inguinal nodes?

A

alongside femoral vein (groin)

86
Q

the superficial inguinal drain to the…

A

deep inguinal nodes

87
Q

what does the deep inguinal node drain? (5)

A

lower limb, buttock, external genitalia, lower back, abdominal wall below umbilicus

88
Q

where are the axillary nodes?

A

grouped in the axilla, related to the axillary vein and artery , lateral to, deep or medial to pectoralis minor

89
Q

what does the axillary node drain? (3)

A

upper limb, anterior and posterior thoracic walls, upper abdominal wall above umbilicus; breast

90
Q

where is the superficial cervical node? (4)

A

under jaw, over parotid, behind ear, occipital (lower back of skull)

91
Q

where is the deep cervical node?

A

alongside the internal jugular vein (jugulo-diagastric; jugulo-omohyoid)

92
Q

what do the cervical nodes drain? (2)

A

head and neck structures

93
Q

what do the inferior deep cervical nodes communicate with?

A

axillary and thoracic nodes (breast and lung)

94
Q

what is the largest lymph vessel?

A

thoracic duct

95
Q

lymph nodes situated alongside arteries of the thorax and abdomen are drained by…

A

lymph vessels that eventually return to the venous system

96
Q

the thoracic duct enters the junction of the…

A

left subclavian and internal jugular veins - the brachiocephalic vein

Week 3 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions