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Week 3 > Connective Tisue, Muscle and Nerve in Lab > Flashcards

Connective Tisue, Muscle and Nerve in Lab Flashcards

1
Q

what are the dark staining organelles in the cytoplasm of neurons?

A

nissl bodies - granules of rough endoplasmic reticulum

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2
Q

1 Schwann cell is equal to…

A

1 internode

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3
Q

what is an oligodendrocyte?

A

a few process cell concerned with the production of myelin in the CNS

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4
Q

what is the first stage in the staining of a cell?

A

emerged the specimen in a fixative to immobilise cell components

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5
Q

what happens after the cell components have been immobilised?

A

water is removed and replaced by paraffin wax

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6
Q

after water is replaced by paraffin wax, what happens?

A

the wax hardens so slices can be made then the paraffin is generally removed before coloured dyes are applied

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7
Q

what does haematoxylin stain? (6)

A

nuclei - basophilic substances, chromatin (DNA), nucleoli (RNA), cytoplasmic RNA, cartilage (glycosaminoglycans), accumulations of RER (RNA)

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8
Q

what is haematoxylin?

A

a basic stain that binds to acidic (negative) cellular components - it also sticks to mucus (glycoproteins)

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9
Q

what colour does haematoxylin stain cellular components?

A

blue/purple

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10
Q

what does eosin stain? (4)

A

cytoplasm - acidophilic substances, cytoplasmic proteins (haemoglobin), filaments (actin in muscle), intercellular substances (collagen)

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11
Q

what is eosin?

A

an acidic stain that binds to basic (positive) cellular components

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12
Q

what colour does eosin stain cellular components?

A

red/pink

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13
Q

what are the 2 terminals of a sensory neurone?

A

CNS and peripheral

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14
Q

what does pseudo-unipolar mean?

A

apparently but not quite unipolar

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15
Q

what do mixed nerve cells carry?

A

both sensory and motor axons

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16
Q

what is epineurium?

A

course fibre forms a sheath that surrounds the entire nerve

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17
Q

what is perineurium?

A

surrounds smaller bundles of nerve fibres (fascicles) within the nerve

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18
Q

what is endoneurium?

A

very fine fibres associated with individual nerve axons

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19
Q

what surrounds the actual axon?

A

myelin sheath

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20
Q

what is skeletal muscle?

A

striated voluntary

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21
Q

what is cardiac muscle?

A

striated involuntary

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22
Q

what is visceral muscle?

A

smooth involuntary

23
Q

what muscle has a lot of nuclei located in the periphery?

A

skeletal

24
Q

where is the nucleus in cardiac muscle?

A

in the centre

25
Q

what muscle does not have as cytoplasm as the other?

A

cardiac

26
Q

what may be seen in some of the muscle fibres of the tongue?

A

branching

27
Q

in skeletal muscle how wide is the lumen?

A

wide enough to only take a single erythrocyte

28
Q

in what type of muscle does the nuclei occupy a major proportion of the width of the fibre?

A

smooth/visceral

29
Q

when are fibroblasts most active?

A

during growth and repair

30
Q

what are fibroblasts important in the formation of?

A

fibrous scar tissue and proliferating to form various tissue types at the site of damage

31
Q

macrophages can be found either…

A

motile or in static positions in tissues eg lungs, skin

32
Q

macrophages can ingest…

A

microorganisms and dead body cells

33
Q

what are mast cells derived from?

A

bone marrow

34
Q

what do mast cells control?

A

inflammatory response

35
Q

what is heparin?

A

a blood anti-coagulant

36
Q

what does histamine do?

A

causes contraction of smooth muscle and the dilation and increase in permeability of blood vessels

37
Q

what is the cytoplasm of mast cells filled with?

A

heparin and histamine

38
Q

under a microscope what has happened to the fat cells?

A

they did contain globules of fat, lipid rich material but it has been extracted during the preparation process

39
Q

in the fat cells where is the nucleus and cytoplasm?

A

nucleus - appears in the corner of a cross section and the cytoplasm appears as a thin peripheral band around the outside

40
Q

what is associated with fat cells?

A

a rich capillary bed

41
Q

what are plasma cells concerned with?

A

the production of proteins known as immunoglobulins

42
Q

what are immunoglobulins also known as?

A

antibodies that are produced in response to specific bacterial antigens

43
Q

what connective tissues are subject to invasion by bacteria? (2)

A

GI tract and respiratory tract

44
Q

what does the nucleus of a plasma cell look like?

A

a clock face due to coarse clumps of chromatin around the periphery

45
Q

what does loose connective tissue look like?

A

collagen fibres going in many directions

46
Q

where is loose connective tissue located?

A

close to the epithelium

47
Q

what is dense connective tissue?

A

there is more collagen and it is more organised

48
Q

where is dense collagen located?

A

deeper into the sample where there are less cells

49
Q

where are elastic fibres produced?

A

by fibroblasts or smooth muscle cells in the walls of blood vessels

50
Q

what are reticular fibres?

A

extremely thin fibrils

51
Q

in what organs do reticular fibres form an extensive network? (4)

A

liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow

52
Q

what is periodical acid Schiff used to test for?

A

carbohydrates

53
Q

how does periodical acid Schiff work?

A

stains glycoproteins that have sugar components which are oxidised to di-aldehydes that can be revealed with the Schiff reagent

54
Q

what colour does PAS go when it combines with the di-aldehydes of the carbohydrates?

A

magenta

Week 3 (9 decks)

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