Equine viral respiratory disease Flashcards
1
Q
Subtypes of Equine influenza virus are based on what?
A
Haemagglutinin (H) and Neuraminidase (N) glycoprotein surface antigens
2
Q
Which equine influenza subtype is responsible for all recent outbreaks?
A
H3N8
3
Q
Who is at the highest risk of becoming infected with EIV?
A
Young foals in big groups
4
Q
What environmental factors enhance transmission of EIV?
A
Poor ventilation and high humidity
5
Q
Describe how EIV enters the body and damages it
A
- Inhaled virus attaches to respiratory mucosal cells
- Haemagglutinin (H) attaches to Sialic acid on host cells
- Neuraminidase (N) facilitates entry to cell and inhibits mucociliary clearance
- Virus spreads along the whole respiratory tract in 1-3 days
- Causes damage to epithelium and cilia
6
Q
What are the clinical signs of EIV?
A
- Pyrexia
- Nasal discharge: watery to mucopurulent
- Coughing
- Tachypnoea (rapid breathing)
- Weight loss
Signs last for 7-14 days
7
Q
Where on the EIV does a vaccine target?
A
Haemagglutinin surface antigens
8
Q
An EIV R number of >1 is classified as what?
A
Epidemic - rapid spread
9
Q
Which EIV vaccine conforms to 2010 recommendations?
A
ProteqFlu
10
Q
Compare EHV 1 and 4
A
1 - respiratory, abortion, neurological
4 - respiratory only
