Eqillibria + Redox Flashcards
What are 2 features of a dynamic equilibrium
The forward and backwards reactions occur at the equal rates
The concentrations of reactants and products stay constant
What does dynamic mean
The forward and backward reactions are occurring simultaneously
How does increasing temperature affect equilibrium
Equilibrium shifts to oppose this
So moves in endothermic direction
To try and reduce temperature by absorbing heat
What happens if temperature is decreased
Equilibrium shifts to oppose change
Moves in exothermic direction
To try increase temperature by giving out heat
What happens if you increase pressure
Shift to oppose change
Shifts to side with fewer more
To try reduce pressure
What happens if you increase pressure
Shifts to oppose change
Shifts to side with less moles of gas
To decrease pressure
What effect does changing pressure have if moles of gas are the same on both sides
No effect
Why is pressure compromised
High pressures are expensive to maintain due to expensive equipment and high electrical costs for pumping gases to make high pressure
Why is temperature compromised
Low temp can slow rate
But can give higher yield sometimes
How does changing concentration affect equilibrium
It shifts to oppose change
So moves to the side you’ve increased or decreased
How does a catalyst affect equilibrium
A catalyst has no effect on position of equilibrium but will speed up the rate at which the equilibrium is achieved (both forward and backwards reactions)
Why does a catalyst not affect the position of equillibrium
It speeds up the rate of forwards and backwards reaction by the same amount
What is the equation for haber process
N2 + 3H2 =(rvs) 2NH3
What is the equation for the production of methanol from CO
CO + 2H2 =(rvs) CH3OH
What is the equation for the hydration of ethene to produce ethanol
Ethene + H20 =(rvs) CH3CH2OH
What is carbon neutral
An activity that has no net annual carbon emissions to the atmosphere
How can the overall yield of reversible processes be improved
Recycling unreacted reactants
What is Kc
The equillibrium constant
How to calcite the value of Kc
Use RICE and then put into Kc expression
How does the size of Kc relate to products and reactants
The larger the Kc then the greater the amount of products
If Kc is small then the equillibrium favours the reactants
Which is the only variable that affects Kc
Temperature
What is oxidation
Loss of electrons
What is reduction
Gaining electrons
What is an oxidising agent
A species that causes another element to oxidise (it is reduced itself )
