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Chemistry > Eqillibria + Redox > Flashcards

Eqillibria + Redox Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 2 features of a dynamic equilibrium

A

The forward and backwards reactions occur at the equal rates

The concentrations of reactants and products stay constant

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2
Q

What does dynamic mean

A

The forward and backward reactions are occurring simultaneously

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3
Q

How does increasing temperature affect equilibrium

A

Equilibrium shifts to oppose this
So moves in endothermic direction
To try and reduce temperature by absorbing heat

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4
Q

What happens if temperature is decreased

A

Equilibrium shifts to oppose change
Moves in exothermic direction
To try increase temperature by giving out heat

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5
Q

What happens if you increase pressure

A

Shift to oppose change
Shifts to side with fewer more
To try reduce pressure

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6
Q

What happens if you increase pressure

A

Shifts to oppose change
Shifts to side with less moles of gas
To decrease pressure

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7
Q

What effect does changing pressure have if moles of gas are the same on both sides

A

No effect

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8
Q

Why is pressure compromised

A

High pressures are expensive to maintain due to expensive equipment and high electrical costs for pumping gases to make high pressure

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9
Q

Why is temperature compromised

A

Low temp can slow rate
But can give higher yield sometimes

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10
Q

How does changing concentration affect equilibrium

A

It shifts to oppose change
So moves to the side you’ve increased or decreased

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11
Q

How does a catalyst affect equilibrium

A

A catalyst has no effect on position of equilibrium but will speed up the rate at which the equilibrium is achieved (both forward and backwards reactions)

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12
Q

Why does a catalyst not affect the position of equillibrium

A

It speeds up the rate of forwards and backwards reaction by the same amount

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13
Q

What is the equation for haber process

A

N2 + 3H2 =(rvs) 2NH3

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14
Q

What is the equation for the production of methanol from CO

A

CO + 2H2 =(rvs) CH3OH

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15
Q

What is the equation for the hydration of ethene to produce ethanol

A

Ethene + H20 =(rvs) CH3CH2OH

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16
Q

What is carbon neutral

A

An activity that has no net annual carbon emissions to the atmosphere

17
Q

How can the overall yield of reversible processes be improved

A

Recycling unreacted reactants

18
Q

What is Kc

A

The equillibrium constant

19
Q

How to calcite the value of Kc

A

Use RICE and then put into Kc expression

20
Q

How does the size of Kc relate to products and reactants

A

The larger the Kc then the greater the amount of products

If Kc is small then the equillibrium favours the reactants

21
Q

Which is the only variable that affects Kc

A

Temperature

22
Q

What is oxidation

A

Loss of electrons

23
Q

What is reduction

A

Gaining electrons

24
Q

What is an oxidising agent

A

A species that causes another element to oxidise (it is reduced itself )

25
Q

What is a reducing agent

A

A species that causes another element to reduce (it is oxidised itself)

26
Q

What side are electrons on in half equations for reduction and oxidation

A

Reduction - left
Oxidation - right

27
Q

What is partial pressure

A

The pressure that the gas would have if it occupied the volume occupied by the whole mixture alone

28
Q

What is the calculation for partial pressure

A

Mole fraction x total pressure of gas

29
Q

What is the mole fraction

A

Number of moles of gas / total number of moles of all gases

30
Q

How do you write a Kp expression

A

Products over reactants
Brackets not square brackets
Small p to signify partial pressure

31
Q

What do Kp expression contains only

A

Gaseous substances, anything else if left out

32
Q

How does the size of Kp relate to reactants and products

A

The larger the Kp then the more products we have, if Kp is small then the equillibrium favours the reactants

33
Q

What is the only variable that affects Kp

A

Temperature

34
Q

Why is Kp not affected by pressure changing

A

If you increase pressure the Kp on bottom increases more than the top

Equillibrium shifts to the right which increases mole fraction for product b it not reactants

So top of Kp expression also increases and bottom decreased so original Kp is restored

Chemistry (23 decks)

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