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Medicine > epithelium > Flashcards

epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of epithelium?

A

A tissue that lines the surfaces and cavities of the body.

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2
Q

What are the main functions of epithelium?

A

Protection, absorption, secretion, and sensation.

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3
Q

What are the two main types of epithelium?

A

Covering (lining) epithelium and glandular epithelium.

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4
Q

What is simple epithelium?

A

Epithelium with a single layer of cells.

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5
Q

What is stratified epithelium?

A

Epithelium with multiple layers of cells.

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6
Q

What are the subtypes of simple epithelium?

A

Simple squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and pseudostratified.

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7
Q

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Facilitates diffusion and filtration; found in alveoli and blood vessels.

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8
Q

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?

A

In kidney tubules, small ducts, and glands.

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9
Q

What is the function of simple columnar epithelium?

A

reabsorption and secretion

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10
Q

What is pseudostratified epithelium?

A

A single layer of cells appearing stratified, found in the respiratory tract.

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11
Q

What is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Epithelium with a dead layer of keratinized cells, found in skin.

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12
Q

Where is non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium found?

A

In the esophagus, mouth, and vagina.

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13
Q

what and where is transitional epithelium?

A

Epithelium that stretches, found in the bladder and urinary tract.

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14
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A

A thin layer supporting epithelium, separating it from connective tissue.

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15
Q

What is the role of tight junctions in epithelium?

A

Prevent leakage of substances between cells.

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16
Q

What are cilia and where are they found?

A

Hair-like structures aiding movement, found in the respiratory tract.

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17
Q

What is microvilli’s function?

A

Increase surface area for absorption; found in the intestines.

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18
Q

What is the difference between cilia and microvilli?

A

Cilia are motile; microvilli are non-motile and increase surface area.

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19
Q

What is epithelium composed of?

A

Closely packed cells with little or no extracellular matrix.

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of epithelial tissues?

A

Avascular (lack blood supply)
Supported by basement membrane
Polarized (apical and basal surfaces)
High regenerative capacity

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21
Q

What is the basement membrane and its layers?

A

It is a thin supporting layer between epithelium and connective tissue. Layers include:
Basal lamina (produced by epithelium)
Reticular lamina (produced by connective tissue)

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22
Q

What is the function of the basement membrane?

A

Provides structural support, acts as a barrier, and regulates exchange between epithelium and connective tissue.

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23
Q

Where is simple squamous epithelium located?

A

alveoli of lungs, lining of blood vessels (endothelium), and lining of body cavities (mesothelium)

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24
Q

What are the characteristics of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Single layer of cube-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei.

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25
Q

What is the main function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Secretion and absorption.

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26
Q

What are the features of simple columnar epithelium?

A

Single layer of tall, column-like cells with nuclei near the base.

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27
Q

What is the function of simple columnar epithelium?

A

Absorption and secretion of mucus or enzymes.

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28
Q

Where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium found?

A

Upper respiratory tract (trachea and bronchi).

29
Q

What is the function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

Secretion and movement of mucus via cilia.

30
Q

What is stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Multiple layers of flat cells at the surface with basal cuboidal or columnar cells.

31
Q

What are the two types of stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Keratinized: Found in skin (dead layer of keratin).
Non-keratinized: Found in mouth, esophagus, and vagina.

32
Q

Where is transitional epithelium found?

A

Where is transitional epithelium found?

33
Q

What are microvilli, and where are they located?

A

Finger-like projections that increase the surface area for absorption. Found in the small intestine.

34
Q

What are cilia, and what is their function?

A

Motile hair-like structures that move particles across the surface of cells, e.g., in the respiratory tract.

35
Q

What is simple squamous epithelium?

A

It is a single layer of flat, thin cells with a centrally located, flattened nucleus.

36
Q

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

A

provides a thin and smooth surface

37
Q

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

A

Alveoli of the lungs (gas exchange).
Glomeruli - bowman’s capsule of kidneys (filtration).
vessels lining (endothelium)
Body cavities lining (mesothelium).

38
Q

what or where is serous sacs of simple squamous epithelium

A

pluera , pericardium , peritonium ( mesothelium)

39
Q

Why is simple squamous epithelium suited for diffusion?

A

Because the cells are thin and flat, allowing molecules to pass through easily.

40
Q

What is mesothelium?

A

It is the simple squamous epithelium that lines body cavities such as the pleura (lungs), pericardium (heart), and peritoneum (abdomen).

41
Q

What is simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

A single layer of cube-shaped cells with a centrally located, round nucleus.

42
Q

What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Secretion and reabsorption.

43
Q

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?

A

Kidney tubules (reabsorption).
Small ducts of glands (salivary, pancreas).
Thyroid follicles.
Ovaries (germinal epithelium

44
Q

What does simple cuboidal epithelium look like under a microscope?

A

Appears as a layer of cube-like cells with round, centrally located nuclei.

45
Q

What is simple columnar epithelium?

A

A single layer of tall, column-shaped cells with oval nuclei near the base.

46
Q

What is the difference between ciliated and non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium?

A

Ciliated: Has cilia for movement ( fallopian tube , uterus , lung bronchioles )
non-ciliated: Specialized for absorption (e.g., in the intestines and stomach )

47
Q

What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

It is a single layer of cells that appears stratified because the nuclei are located at different levels.

48
Q

Why does pseudostratified columnar epithelium appear stratified?

A

Because the nuclei of the cells are located at varying heights, giving a false appearance of multiple layers.

49
Q

What are the two types of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

non-ciliated , ciliated with non-motile cilia - ciliated with motile cilia and goblet cell

50
Q

Where is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium found?

A

In the respiratory tract, such as the trachea and bronchi.

51
Q

Where is non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium found?

A

In parts of the male reproductive tract such as the epididymis.

52
Q

What is the role of goblet cells in pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

Goblet cells secrete mucus that traps dust, bacteria, and other particles.

53
Q

What type of epithelium lines the epididymis?

A

Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

54
Q

where we can find non-ciliated pseudostratified epithelium

A

vas defferens

55
Q

What is stratified squamous epithelium?

A

It consists of multiple layers of cells, with flat squamous cells at the surface and cuboidal or columnar cells at the basal layer.

56
Q

What are the two types of stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Keratinized and Non-keratinized.

57
Q

Where is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium found?

A

On the skin surface (epidermis).

58
Q

What is the function of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Provides protection against mechanical stress, water loss, and pathogens due to the presence of keratin.

59
Q

Where is non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium found?

A

Mouth (oral cavity )
Esophagus
vagina
cornea

60
Q

What is the basal layer of stratified squamous epithelium composed of?

A

Cuboidal or columnar cells actively dividing to replace surface cells.

61
Q

what is the inter-mediated layer composed of ?

A

multiple layers of polyhedral cells

62
Q

What is transitional epithelium?

A

A specialized epithelium with multiple layers of cells that can change shape.
( non-clear and non-wavy basement membrane )

63
Q

Where is transitional epithelium found?

A

Urinary bladder

64
Q

what is superficial layer of transitional epithelium

A

dome-shaped

65
Q

What is the function of transitional epithelium?

A

llows organs like the bladder to stretch and recoil while maintaining a protective lining
*protection and distensibility

66
Q

what is stratified cubical epithelium

A

2-3 layers of cubical cells

67
Q

where is stratified cubical epithelium?

A

ducts of sweat gland

68
Q

what is stratified columnar epithelium?

A

the super facial layer is formed of columnar cells

69
Q

where is stratified columnar epithelium?

A

non-ciliated = in large ducts of glands
ciliated = in fetal esophagus

Medicine (7 decks)

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