Epithelial Tissues

Question 1

What is the function of epithelial tissues?

Answer 1

Lines all body surfaces including skin and tubes and cavities. Barrier function between different environments

Question 2

What is the outer layer of the skin called?

Answer 2

The epidermis

Question 3

How are epithelial cells arranged?

Answer 3

Continues sheets of tightly bound cells

Question 4

What does the arrangement of epithelial cells ensure?

Answer 4

protection against microbial invasion and provide opportunity to regulate movement of substances

Question 5

What is the polarity of epithelial cells?

Answer 5

Polarised

Question 6

What are the 3 layers of epithelial cells?

Answer 6

Apical surface, lateral surfaces and basal surface.

Question 7

What do tight junctions do?

Answer 7

Create an impermeable seal between adjacent cells and prevents water leakage

Question 8

What are desmosomes and what do they do?

Answer 8

Strong junctions. Anchor adjacent cells together. Ensure epithelial tissues can stretch and maintain contact

Question 9

Other then the main function of epithelial tissues what other functions are there/

Answer 9

Physical protection, diffusion, absorption and secretion

Question 10

How can epithelial tissue structure differ?

Answer 10

Shape of cells, number of cell layers, apical specialisations

Question 11

What are the 3 shapes of epithelial cell?

Answer 11

Squamous, cuboidal and columnar

Question 12

What are the two different layers of cells?

Answer 12

Simple (single) and stratified (2+ layers)

Question 13

What apical specialisations are there?

Answer 13

Microvilli, cilia and keratin

Question 14

What do microvilli do?

Answer 14

increase apical surface area

Question 15

What do cilia do?

Answer 15

Movement of particular matter

Question 16

What is keratin?

Answer 16

Strong and protective apical layer

Question 17

What do simple squamous cells do and where are they located?

Answer 17

Lines surfaces involved in passive diffusion and is located in the lungs (alveoli) and capillaries (endothelium)

Question 18

What do simple cuboidal cells do and where are they located?

Answer 18

Lines small ducts and tubules involved in secretion/absorption and are located in the collecting tubules of the kidney and small ducts of the salivary glands

Question 19

What do simple columnar cells do and where are they located?

Answer 19

Line absorptive surfaces and are located in the small intestine

Question 20

What does ciliated simple columnar epithelium do and where is it located?

Answer 20

ciliary action facilitates transport of ovum from ovary to uterus and is located in the female reproductive tract

Question 21

What do ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium do and where are they located?

Answer 21

ciliary action propels surface layer of mucous containing trapped particles towards the pharynx and is located in the airways of respiratory system

Question 22

What are goblet cells, what do they do and where are the located?

Answer 22

Modified columnar epithelial cells. Synthesis and secrete mucous. Scattered throughout simple columnar epithelium e.g. respiratory and gastrointestinal

Question 23

What is the function of stratified epithelia?

Answer 23

Protection from mechanical abrasion.

Question 24

Where do cells mature and what do they do once matured?

Answer 24

In the basal layer from continuously dividing stem cells. They gradually migrate to the surface and are shed as anucleate squames

Question 25

What does keratin do?

Answer 25

Enhances resistance to physical stress

Question 26

What is keratin?

Answer 26

Formation of tough, non-living surface layer

Question 27

What do stratified cuboidal cells do and where are they located?

Answer 27

They are secretory cells and are located in some secretory ducts and glands

Question 28

What do stratified columnar cells do and where are they located?

Answer 28

They are secretory and protective and are located in the male urethra and line some glands

Question 29

What does transitional epithelium do and where is it located?

Answer 29

Allows for expansion and stretch and is only found in the bladder

Question 30

What is ulceration?

Answer 30

A break in the continuity of epithelium

Question 31

What is oral squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 31

The dysplastic squamous cells of the epithelial lining have degraded the basement membrane to invade the underlying tissues. It destroys and invades adjacent tissues

Question 32

What is a carcinoma?

Answer 32

A malignant tumour arising from the epithelial tissue