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Tissues BDS1 > Cartilage and Bone > Flashcards

Cartilage and Bone Flashcards

1
Q

Describe cartilage

A

flexible, avascular connective tissues that provide support and resistance to compression

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2
Q

what are the 3 different types of cartilage?

A

hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage

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3
Q

Apart from bone tissues what do bones also consist of?

A

CT proper, adipose tissue, blood vessels, nervous tissue, cartilage

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4
Q

What are the two different bone conformations?

A

Compact (cortical) bone and spongy (trabecular) bone

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5
Q

What is the ground substance of bone?

A

Chondroitin sulphate and hyaluronic acid

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6
Q

What are the fibres of bone?

A

type 1 collagne

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7
Q

What are the bone cells?

A

osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes

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8
Q

what makes up the osteoid?

A

ground substance ans fibres

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9
Q

what is the osteoid?

A

un-mineralised organic component of ECM

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10
Q

what does the osteoid make up?

A

hydroxyapatite

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11
Q

what is hydroxyapatite?

A

mineralised crystals of calcium and phosphate

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12
Q

what is an osteogenic/osteoprogenitor cell and what does it do

A

bone cell precursor, gives rise to osteoblasts

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13
Q

what is the function of osteoblasts?

A

synthesises and secretes bone tissue and gives rise to osteocytes

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14
Q

what do osteocytes do?

A

maintains mineralised bone tissue

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15
Q

what do osteoclasts do?

A

resorbs bone, derives from monocyte/macrophage lineage

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16
Q

what is an osteon?

A

the biggest circle and all structures within the circle

17
Q

what is lamellae?

A

the layers of bone tissue

18
Q

what does concentric lamellae mean?

A

that the lamellae is circular

19
Q

what is the central canal?

A

the hollow cylindrical canal that is in the middle of the osteon

20
Q

what is contained in the central canal?

A

blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels

21
Q

what is the perforating canal?

A

at the base of individual osteons allowing blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels to travel across bone linking up with the other central canals

22
Q

what is circumferential lamellae?

A

the lamellae on the outer circumference of the bone, its not as circular and is more linear

23
Q

what is interstitial lamellae?

A

the space between the osteons

24
Q

where are osteocytes in lacunae?

A

on the concentric lamellae

25
Q

what are canaliculi?

A

microscopic canals between lacunae of bone

26
Q

what are lacunae?

A

small cavity within the bone matrix which contains an osteocyte

27
Q

what is the histological structure of spongy bone?

A

contains lamellar bone, no osteons, spaces between trabeculae occupied by red and yellow marrow, nerves and lymphatics

28
Q

what is spongy bone lined with?

A

endosteum

29
Q

what occurs in healthy bone?

A

bone formation happens at the same time as bone resorption

30
Q

what occurs in bone remodelling?

A

growth, mechanical stresses, external factors

31
Q

what external factors influence bone remodelling?

A

hormonal (calcium homeostasis) and immunological

32
Q

what activity are some diseases characterised by?

A

osteoclastogenic activity

33
Q

what causes osteomalacia?

A

failure of osteoid to mineralise adequately. dietary deficiencies including lack of calcium and/or phosphate and lack of vitamin D

34
Q

what are the consequences of osteomalacia?

A

bones are weak and prone to fracture

35
Q

what dental abnormalities are associated with osteomalacia?

A

enamel hypoplasia and delayed tooth eruption

36
Q

what is periodontitis?

A

destructive inflammatory disease

37
Q

what causes periodontitis

A

immune response to oral bacteria leads to destruction of host tissues, uncoupling of bone remodelling and increases osteoclastogenesis

38
Q

what does periodontitis cause?

A

destruction of alveolar bone and subsequent tooth loss

Tissues BDS1 (10 decks)

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