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Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Function of epithelial tissue

A
  • cover external surface
  • lines internal surfaces
  • Glands are usually deprived from epithelium
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2
Q

Describe features of epithelial tissue

A
  • large sheets of cells

- covers exterior surface and lines organs

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3
Q

Location of where epithelial tissue is found

A
  • Lining of GI tract organs (glands)
  • lines hollow organs
  • skin surface (epidermis)
  • airways
  • digestive tract
  • urinary and reproductive system
  • blood vessels
  • serous membranes
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4
Q

Epithelial characteristics

A
  • highly cellular
  • polarity
  • supported by connective tissue
  • avascular
  • innervated
  • regeneration
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5
Q

Polarity characteristics

A
  • apical facing surface (external)

- basal surface (internal)

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6
Q

Apical surface

A
  • contains organelles and extensions

- cilia

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7
Q

Basal surface

A
  • contains organelles
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8
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A
  • combination of basal and reticular lamina
  • connects epithelial tissue with connective tissue
  • provides structural and functional support
  • reticular lamina is secreted by connective tissue
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9
Q

Avascular characteristic

A
  • do not contain blood vessels

- materials that go through epithelial layer must go through diffusion or absorption

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10
Q

Innervated characteristic

A
  • supplied by nervous tissue

- allow interactions w/ external environment

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11
Q

Regeneration characteristic

A
  • quickly replaces damaged or dead cells
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12
Q

key function of epithelial tissue

A
  • first line of protection
  • its cells are gatekeepers that control permeability
  • everything must cross epithelium
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13
Q

Epithelial cells

A
  • secrete and release mucous and specific compounds on apical surface
  • mucus can trap material
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14
Q

Endocrine glands

A
  • ductless
  • releases secretions directing into surrounding tissues and fluid
  • “inside”
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15
Q

Exocrine glands

A
  • secretions leave through a duct that opens to external environment
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16
Q

What are the secretions of endocrine glands? and what happens to them?

A
  • hormones

- released into interstitial fluid, into bloodstream, and delivered to cells

17
Q

examples of endocrine glands

A
  • anterior pituitary
  • thymus
  • adrenal cortex
  • gonads
18
Q

Secretions of exocrine glands, what happens to them?

A
  • mucus
  • sweat
  • saliva
  • breast milk
  • they are released onto external environment (Apical surface)
19
Q

Simple epithelium and types

A
  • single layer of cells
  • simple squamous
  • simple cuboidal
  • simple columnar
  • pseudostratified columnar
20
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A
  • flat and horizontal

- found in lungs, kidneys, and capillaries

21
Q

Special characteristic of simple squamous

A
  • thin

- allows rapid passage

22
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A
  • boxlife cells
  • nucleus located near center of cell
  • in kidneys and gland ducts
23
Q

Special characteristic of simple cuboidal

A
  • secretion and absorption of molecules
24
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A
  • tall, rectangular
  • nucleus located in basal end of cells
  • in digestive system and female reproductive tract
25
Q

Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

A
  • composed of simple columnar epithelial cells
  • cilia on apical surface
  • in lining of uterine tubes and respiratory system
26
Q

Special characteristic of simple columnar

A
  • absorption and secretion of molecules

- also has ciliated columnar epithelium

27
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A
  • looks stratified, but is single layer
  • different sizes of columnar cells
  • nuclei at different locations
  • found in respiratory tract
28
Q

Goblet cell

A
  • mucus secreting unicellular gland

- found btwn columnar epithelial cells of mucous membranes

29
Q

Stratified Epithelium and types

A
  • two or more layers of cells
  • found where protection against wear and tear is needed
  • stratified squamous, cuboidal, and columnar
  • transitional epithelium
30
Q

Stratified Squamous epithelium

A
  • most common in body
  • apical layer are squamous
  • basal layer are columnar or cuboidal
  • top layer filled with dead cells filled w/ keratin
31
Q

Transitional Epithelium

A
  • type of stratified epithelium
  • shape of apical cells can undergo changes in shape
  • only found in urinary system (ureters and bladder)
  • empty = folded, cuboidal apical cells (looks like more layers and thicker)
  • filled = unfolded, squamous cells

bio (15 decks)

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