Cell organelles Flashcards
1
Q
Membranous Organelles
A
- Mitochondria
- Peroxisomes
- lysosomes
- endoplasmic reticulum
- golgi apparatus
2
Q
Non Membranous Organelles
A
- cytoskeleton
- centrioles
- ribosomes
3
Q
Mitochondria
A
- double membrane structure w/ shelflike cristae
- provide cells ATP from cellular respiration
- Contain their own DNA and RNA
4
Q
Ribosomes
A
- granules containing protein and rRna
- site of protein synthesis
- made up of two ribosomal RNA subunits that wrap around mRNA to start translation, followed by protein synthesis
5
Q
Free ribosomes
A
- synthesize soluble proteins
6
Q
Membrane bound ribosomes
A
- on rough ER
- synthesize proteins to be incorporated into membranes or exported from cell
7
Q
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
A
- Interconnected tubes and parallel membranes enclosing cisternae
- Continuous w/ nuclear membrane
- provide passages that transport, synthesize and store materials
- two types: rough and smooth
8
Q
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
A
- Surface is studded w/ ribosomes
- manufactures all secreted proteins
- synthesizes integral proteins and phospholipids
- synthesis and modification of proteins for the cell
9
Q
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
A
- Tubules arranged in looping network
- synthesize phospholipids and steroid hormones
- stores and regulates concentration of Ca
- metabolizes some carbohydrates
- detoxifies by breaking down toxins
10
Q
Golgi Apparatus
A
- stacked flattened membraneous sacs
- sorts, modifies, and ships off products from the RER
11
Q
lysosomes
A
- membraneous bags containing digestive enzymes
- digest bacteria
- breakdown and release glycogen
- breakdown bone to release Ca
- role in Autolysis (autophagy)
12
Q
What is Autolysis/autophagy
A
- cell digests its own structures
- lysosomes release their digestive enzymes into cytoplasm and destroys cell
13
Q
Peroxisomes
A
- membraneous sacs containing enzymes
- detoxify harmful or toxic substances
- neutralizes dangerous free radicals
14
Q
Nucleus
A
- control centre of cell
- Stores DNA and manufacturing proteins
15
Q
nuclear envelope
A
- two adjacent lipid bilayers w/ thin fluid space
- have “pores” that allow proteins, RNA and solutes to pass btwn nucleus and cytoplasm
16
Q
Nucleolus
A
- responsible for manufacturing the RNA for making ribosomes
17
Q
cytoplasm
A
- btwn plasma membrane and nucleus
- Contains cytosol, Cytoplasmic organelles, and Inclusion
18
Q
cytosol
A
- jelly like substance
- water w/ solutes (proteins, salts, sugars, etc)
- provides fluid for reactions
19
Q
cytoskeleton
A
- rods throughout cytosol
- contains mircotubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
- maintains structural support
20
Q
microtubules
A
- thickest
- composed of tubulin protein
- maintain cell shape and structure
- resist compression of cell
- plays a role in positioning organelles
- contain cellular appendages: cilia and flagella
- set path so genetic material can be pulled during division
21
Q
cilia
A
- move waste like dust and mucus upwards through airways
- away from lungs, toward mouth
22
Q
Flagellum
A
- flagella (plural)
- specialized for cell locomotion
- specifically sperm cell
- propel cells
23
Q
centrioles
A
- near nucleus of cells
- tubes that contain mircotubules
24
Q
Microfilaments
A
- primary component: actin protein
- actin helps w/ muscle contraction
- thinnest
25
Actin
- forms chains
| - help w/ muscle contraction
26
Intermediate Filaments
- made up of keratin
- maintain cell shape and structure
- resist tension: forces that pull apart cells
- help anchor organelles together
- and link cells together
27
Chromatin
- in nucleus
- composed of DNA and proteins
- chromatin condenses into chromosomes
28
centrosome
- cell center of nucleus
- generates microtubules; organizes spindle
- Contains centrioles
29
Microvilli
- extensions of plasma membrane
- increase surface area for absorption
- core of actin filaments for stiffening
30
Cell Membrane
- aka plasma membrane
- composed of phospholipds
- hydrophilic (heads)
- hydrophobic (tails)
- separates intracellular and extracellular environments
- regulates what comes in and out of cell
31
Integral Protein
- embedded in membrane
- move materials btwn intracellular and extracellular environments
- communicate w/ other cells
32
Peripheral Proteins
- found in inner or outer surface
- can be attached to integral protein
- they do specific functions for cell
