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Cell organelles Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Membranous Organelles

A
  • Mitochondria
  • Peroxisomes
  • lysosomes
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • golgi apparatus
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2
Q

Non Membranous Organelles

A
  • cytoskeleton
  • centrioles
  • ribosomes
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3
Q

Mitochondria

A
  • double membrane structure w/ shelflike cristae
  • provide cells ATP from cellular respiration
  • Contain their own DNA and RNA
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4
Q

Ribosomes

A
  • granules containing protein and rRna
  • site of protein synthesis
  • made up of two ribosomal RNA subunits that wrap around mRNA to start translation, followed by protein synthesis
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5
Q

Free ribosomes

A
  • synthesize soluble proteins
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6
Q

Membrane bound ribosomes

A
  • on rough ER

- synthesize proteins to be incorporated into membranes or exported from cell

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7
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A
  • Interconnected tubes and parallel membranes enclosing cisternae
  • Continuous w/ nuclear membrane
  • provide passages that transport, synthesize and store materials
  • two types: rough and smooth
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8
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A
  • Surface is studded w/ ribosomes
  • manufactures all secreted proteins
  • synthesizes integral proteins and phospholipids
  • synthesis and modification of proteins for the cell
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9
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A
  • Tubules arranged in looping network
  • synthesize phospholipids and steroid hormones
  • stores and regulates concentration of Ca
  • metabolizes some carbohydrates
  • detoxifies by breaking down toxins
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10
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A
  • stacked flattened membraneous sacs

- sorts, modifies, and ships off products from the RER

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11
Q

lysosomes

A
  • membraneous bags containing digestive enzymes
  • digest bacteria
  • breakdown and release glycogen
  • breakdown bone to release Ca
  • role in Autolysis (autophagy)
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12
Q

What is Autolysis/autophagy

A
  • cell digests its own structures

- lysosomes release their digestive enzymes into cytoplasm and destroys cell

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13
Q

Peroxisomes

A
  • membraneous sacs containing enzymes
  • detoxify harmful or toxic substances
  • neutralizes dangerous free radicals
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14
Q

Nucleus

A
  • control centre of cell

- Stores DNA and manufacturing proteins

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15
Q

nuclear envelope

A
  • two adjacent lipid bilayers w/ thin fluid space

- have “pores” that allow proteins, RNA and solutes to pass btwn nucleus and cytoplasm

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16
Q

Nucleolus

A
  • responsible for manufacturing the RNA for making ribosomes
17
Q

cytoplasm

A
  • btwn plasma membrane and nucleus

- Contains cytosol, Cytoplasmic organelles, and Inclusion

18
Q

cytosol

A
  • jelly like substance
  • water w/ solutes (proteins, salts, sugars, etc)
  • provides fluid for reactions
19
Q

cytoskeleton

A
  • rods throughout cytosol
  • contains mircotubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
  • maintains structural support
20
Q

microtubules

A
  • thickest
  • composed of tubulin protein
  • maintain cell shape and structure
  • resist compression of cell
  • plays a role in positioning organelles
  • contain cellular appendages: cilia and flagella
  • set path so genetic material can be pulled during division
21
Q

cilia

A
  • move waste like dust and mucus upwards through airways

- away from lungs, toward mouth

22
Q

Flagellum

A
  • flagella (plural)
  • specialized for cell locomotion
  • specifically sperm cell
  • propel cells
23
Q

centrioles

A
  • near nucleus of cells

- tubes that contain mircotubules

24
Q

Microfilaments

A
  • primary component: actin protein
  • actin helps w/ muscle contraction
  • thinnest
25
Q

Actin

A
  • forms chains

- help w/ muscle contraction

26
Q

Intermediate Filaments

A
  • made up of keratin
  • maintain cell shape and structure
  • resist tension: forces that pull apart cells
  • help anchor organelles together
  • and link cells together
27
Q

Chromatin

A
  • in nucleus
  • composed of DNA and proteins
  • chromatin condenses into chromosomes
28
Q

centrosome

A
  • cell center of nucleus
  • generates microtubules; organizes spindle
  • Contains centrioles
29
Q

Microvilli

A
  • extensions of plasma membrane
  • increase surface area for absorption
  • core of actin filaments for stiffening
30
Q

Cell Membrane

A
  • aka plasma membrane
  • composed of phospholipds
  • hydrophilic (heads)
  • hydrophobic (tails)
  • separates intracellular and extracellular environments
  • regulates what comes in and out of cell
31
Q

Integral Protein

A
  • embedded in membrane
  • move materials btwn intracellular and extracellular environments
  • communicate w/ other cells
32
Q

Peripheral Proteins

A
  • found in inner or outer surface
  • can be attached to integral protein
  • they do specific functions for cell

bio (15 decks)

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