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Histology > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

what are some features of epithelial tissue

A
  • lines all the body surfaces
  • provides a barrier function
  • arranged in continuous sheets of tightly bound cells
  • provide protection against microbial invasion
  • regulate movement of substances
  • polarised
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2
Q

what are the three specialisations of epithelial tissues

A

apical, basal and lateral

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3
Q

what is the apical surface of epitherial cells

A

the upper free surface exposed to the exterior

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4
Q

what is the basal surface of epitherial cells

A

basement membrane - the lower, attached surface

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5
Q

what are lateral surfaces in epithelial cells

A

intercellular junctions - can also form folds and processes between neighboring cells to increase the surface area for fluid transport.

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6
Q

what are the three junctions in epithelial tissue

A
  • tight junctions
  • desmesomes
  • gap junctions
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7
Q

what are tight junctions

A

these are cells held tightly together by individual groups of tight junction proteins. they prevent water passage by arranging in strands and forming a branched network

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8
Q

what is an example of the purpose of tight junctions in epithelial cells

A

tight junctions between the epithelial cells lining the bladder prevent urine from leaking out into the extracellular space

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9
Q

what are desmosomes

A

spot welds between adjacent epithelial cells that allow cells that stretch such as skin and cardiac muscle by remaining unconnected in an unbroken sheet

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10
Q

how do desmosomes remain unconnected in sheets

A

caherins attached to a structure called the cytoplasmic plaque, which connects to intermediate filaments

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11
Q

what are gap junctions

A

channels between neighboring cells that allow for the transport of ions, water and ions

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12
Q

how do gap junctions form

A

six connexons form a donut like structure, which when aligned forms a channel between cells

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13
Q

where are gap junctions important

A

cardiac muscle

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14
Q

what are connexons

A

membrane proteins

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15
Q

what are the functions of epithelial tissues

A
  • physical protection
  • diffusion
  • absorption
  • secretion
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16
Q

how can epithelial structure differ

A
  • shape
  • number of cell layers
  • apical specialisations
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17
Q

what are the different shapes of cells

A

squamous
cuboidal
columnar

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18
Q

what are the different names for the number of layers of epithelial cells

A
  • simple
  • stratified
  • pseodostratified
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19
Q

what does simple mean

A

a single layer of cells

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20
Q

what does stratified mean

A

multiple

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21
Q

what does pseudostratified mean

A

one layer of cells has alternating nuclei locations which leads to fake multilayer

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22
Q

what are the different apical specialisations

A
  • microvilli
  • cilia
  • keratin
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23
Q

what does simple squamous epithelium line

A

lines surfaces involved in passive diffusion

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24
Q

what are some locations of simple squamous epithelia

A

alveoli in lungs and capillaries in the endothelium

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25
Q

what does simple cuboidal epithelium line

A

lines ducts and tubules and controls absorption or secretion

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26
Q

where are simple cuboidal epithelia found

A

renal tubules and small ducts of salivary glands

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27
Q

which surfaces are simple columnar found on

A

absorptive surfaces

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28
Q

where are simple columnar epithelia found

A

in the small intestine

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29
Q

where are microvilli found in the body

A

small intestine

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30
Q

what does it mean if epithelia is keratised

A

has keratin ie is hard

31
Q

what is an ulceration

A

a break in the continuity of the epithelium

32
Q

what is a glomerulus

A

a cluster of capillaries around the end of a kidney tubule

33
Q

what is the difference between proximal convulated tubules and distal convulated tubules

A

proximal stains more intensely because they contain more organelles which support all the processes required to facilitate active reabsorption

34
Q

what is the function of microvilli

A

increase the surface area of the apical surface and facilitate the function of absorption

35
Q

where is the pseudostratified epithelium found

A

only in the respiratory tract

36
Q

what does the structural arrangement of epithelial tissues depend on

A

location and function of tissue

37
Q

what body surfaces do epithelia cover

A

all of them

38
Q

what is the epidermis

A

the outer layer of skin

39
Q

what is the barrier function of the epithelial tissues

A
  • all substances entering and leaving the body pass through the epithelium
  • it acts as a continuous boundary between different environments
40
Q

how are all epithelia arranged

A

continuous sheets of tightly bound cells

41
Q

what is the apical surface

A

adjacent to or facing the external surface

42
Q

what is the basal surface

A

adjacent to or facing the interior surface

43
Q

what are the lateral surfaces

A

adhered to each other

44
Q

what are the features common to all epithelial tissues

A

structure of continuous sheets of cells that are tightly bound together and are polarised. function of covering and lining surfaces to form a barrier

45
Q

which epithelial tissues provide physical protection from mechanical abrasian

A

skin and oral cavity

46
Q

which epithelial tissues provide diffusion of gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and surrounding tissues

A

lungs and blood capillaries

47
Q

which epithelial tissues absorb nutrients

A

the gastrointestinal tract and renal tubules

48
Q

which epithelial tissues secrete sweat, mucus, enzymes and hormones

A

glands and ducts

49
Q

which shape of epithelial cells can exist in a pseudotratified structure

A

columnar

50
Q

what do microvilli do in relation to the apical surface area

A

increase it

51
Q

what do cilia regulate

A

movement of particular matter

52
Q

what does keratin do

A

provide a strong protective apical layer

53
Q

what does ciliated simple columnar function

A

ciliary action facilitates the transport of ovum from the ovary to the uterus in the female reproductive tract

54
Q

what is the function of pseudstratified colmumnar ciliated

A

propels the surface layer of mucus containing trapped particles toward the pharynx in the airways of reproductive tracts

55
Q

what are goblet cells

A

modified columnar epithelial cells

56
Q

what is the function of goblet cells

A

synthesise and secrete mucus

57
Q

where are goblet cells located

A

scattered throughout simple columnar epitheliums like in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract

58
Q

what is the function of stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

secretory

59
Q

where is stratified cuboidal epithelium found

A

some secretory ducts and glands

60
Q

where is stratified columnar found

A

male urethra and lining some glands

61
Q

what is the function of stratified columnar cells

A

secretory and protective

62
Q

what is the function of stratified squamous epithelia

A

protect from mechanical abrasion.

63
Q

what do stratified squamous cells mature from

A

basal layer from continuously dividing stem cells

64
Q

what are stratified squamous epithelia shed as

A

anucleate squames

65
Q

where are stratified squamous epithelium found

A

in the oral cavity and on the epidermis

66
Q

what does keratin do

A

enhances resistance to physical stress

67
Q

what do epithelial cells accumulate as they mature

A

keratin filaments

68
Q

how is a tough, non living surface layer of cells on the apical layer formed

A

by the accumulation of keratin in the stratified squamous epithelia

69
Q

what does transitional epithelium do

A

allows for expansion and stretch

70
Q

where is transitional epithelium found

A

only in the bladder

71
Q

what is an example of infectious ulceration

A

herpetic stomatitis

72
Q

what occurs in oral squamous cell carcinoma

A

dysplastic epithelial cells proliferate in an uncontrolled manner which destroyes and invades adjacent tissues

73
Q
A

Histology (10 decks)

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