epithelial neoplasms Flashcards
which are not epithelial dervied
forms of H/N cancer
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Adenocarcinoma
- Lymphoma (not epi)
- Metastatic Carcinoma
- Sarcoma (not epi)
SCCa of the oral cavity metastisis?
can metastisize to the neck creating a mass
lesions on lateral tongue
cautious of cancer, esp. SCCa
primary etiological agents
Etiology of Oral and Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
Primary etiologic agents
* Tobacco
* Alcohol
* Actinic radiation
* Human papilloma virus – HPV
– High risk subtypes: HPV-16 and 18
what can lead to SCCa at lips
actinic rad from sun
what cna cause SCCa of tongue
alc and tobacco
what can cause SCCa of the oropharynx
HPV 16/18
alc
tobacco
what can cause SCCa of the nasopharynx
EBV
Tobacco Pouch Keratosis
can be seen on oral mucosa as a bluish grey, can regress with cessation
smokless tobacco and ginigiva
can cause gingival recession
smokless tobacco can lead to what oral cancer?
SCCa
why?
betel quid can cause what cancer
SCCa, due to reactive o2 spp and nitrosamnes
actinic damage mainly occurs where
lips
actinic chelitis
present on the lips and is a premalignant condition
what can arise from actinic chelitis
SCCa
when should oral cancer be diagnosed
ASAP, improves survival
The larger the tumor the higher the incidence of?
the higher the incidence of metastasis, meaning decreased survival
What Does Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Look Like Clinically?
- Exophytic or Endophytic
- Leukoplakia, Erythroplakia, or even Erythroleukoplakia
- Exophytic SCCa app
– Mass-forming
– Fungating
– Papillary
– Verruciform
Endophytic SCCa app
– Invasive
– Burrowing
– Ulcerated
leukoplakia
A white patch or plaque that can’t be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease.
erythroplakia
A red patch that can’t be characterized clinically or pathologically as
any other disease.
- Erythroleukoplakia
– a red-and-white patch
Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer
- Identify precursor lesions
– Leukoplakia
– Erythroplakia - Be suspicious - biopsy clinically
suspicious lesions
why are leukoplakias white
- Hyperkeratosis - increased opacity
- Acanthosis - increased thickness
- Surface coating - fibrin membrane or fungal hyphae
moderate epithelial dysplasia may indicate what?
premalignant condition
Morsicatio Buccarum
not a leukoplakia, occurs on the buccal mucosa due to cheek biting
What is the likelihood of Leukoplakia being Premalignant?
Rule of thumb: 20% of Leukoplakia will be premalignant
why are erythroplakias red
- Thin epithelium
- Red blood cells
What is the likelihood of Dysplasia in Erythroplakia?
Rule of thumb: 90% of Erythroplakia will be dysplastic