Epigenetics

Question 1

Stem cell

Answer 1

unique cell -has ability to develop into any type of cell(undifferentiated+committed)

Question 2

Progenitor cells

Answer 2

have flexibility and tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell

Question 3

Epigenetics

Answer 3

factors causing a heritable change in gene expression

Question 4

Epigenetic mechanisms

Answer 4

1.DNA methylation
2.Histone modification
3.non-coding RNA’s

Question 5

CpG dinulceotides:what carbon position does methylation of cytosine happen

Answer 5

5th carbon positon

Question 6

do CPG islands have high or low frequencies?

Answer 6

high frequencies

Question 7

What repeat sequences are found within genome?

Answer 7

transposons + retrotransposons

Question 8

fragile sites in genome are unstable, what does this cause?

Answer 8

genome instability - mutations

Question 9

what is DNA methyltransferase(DNMT1):

Answer 9

is a protein which is responsible for maintaining DNA methylation patten as the cells divide.

Question 10

Methionine

Answer 10

amino acid, not synthesised therefore ingest methionine

Question 10

histone code

Answer 10

chemical modification of amino acids on histone tails which impact the gene expression

Question 11

histone acetylation

Answer 11

adds an acetyl group to lysine on histone tails

Question 12

what happens when acetyl group is added to lysine on histone tails?

Answer 12

reduces positive charge of proteins, this loosens bond between histones and DNA-activating genes

Question 13

Histone deactylation

Answer 13

removes acetyl group from lysine amino acids on histone protein

Question 14

what happens when acetyl group from lysine amino acids on histone protein?

Answer 14

increase in positive charge making the bond tighter between histone and DNA-deactivating the genes