DNA damage

Question 1

diploid

Answer 1

carries 2 versions of each gene which is from each parent

Question 2

alleles

Answer 2

different forms of genes

Question 3

recessive allele

Answer 3

2 copies are present

Question 4

mutations

Answer 4

heritable change in the nucleotide sequence of gene

Question 5

polymorphism

Answer 5

variation in specific DNA sequence among individuals of a population

Question 6

allelic variation

Answer 6

number of different allele forms at particular locus on a chromosome which leads to genetic variation

Question 7

proofreading

Answer 7

removal of the incorrectly inserted nucleotide by DNA polymerase

Question 8

spontaneous mutation

Answer 8

absence of mutagens which happens where are errors in normal function of cell

Question 9

induced mutation

Answer 9

occurs as a results of treatment or exposure to external chemical and physical agents

Question 10

mutagens

Answer 10

agents that increase rate of mutations above spontaneous rate

Question 11

2 types of mutations

Answer 11

1.transition:purine substituted with pyrimidine with another one
2.transversions:purine substituted with pyrimidine or pyrimidine replaces a purine

Question 12

point mutations can be

Answer 12

silent

Question 13

functional consequence of mutations

Answer 13

back mutation and reversion -restores original sequence and origin I phenotype

Question 14

condition mutation

Answer 14

mutant phenotype in certain environment causes wild type phenotype in different environment

Question 15

lethal mutations

Answer 15

led to death of organism which carries mutation

Question 16

loss of function mutations

Answer 16

gene products have no function this can be recessive

Question 17

gain of function mutation

Answer 17

change in gene, mutations have dominant phenotype