Epidemiology: Community Health Flashcards
Cases of single-exposure, common-vehicle outbreaks (are/are not) ___________ limited to individuals that share the common exposure.
Are
Herd immunity will not work in a disease in which the organism can survive on a outside of the human host.
Reservoir
(Active/Passive) disease surveillance occurs when a hired project staff visit healthcare facilities or communities in which a disease has been reported and seek to identify new cases or deaths due to the disease being observed.
Active
In herd immunity, the likelihood of transmitting disease within the community is (small/large) due to the unlikeliness of the disease coming into contact with an individual who is unvaccinated.
Small
When investigating an acute outbreak, preparing a written report of the findings occurs (before/after) communicating to those involved in policy development.
Before
Single-exposure, outbreaks are characteristically explosive in nature.
Common-vehicle
In order for herd immunity to work, a (small/large) ________ percentage of the population must be vaccinated or immune to the diseases at risk for attack.
Large
There are two forms of disease surveillance, one using available data, and the other using hired project staff to report. Respectively, these are known as: forms of disease surveillance.
Passive and active
The leading cause of food-borne-related illness contamination in the United States is .
Norovirus
When an individual is subject to an infectious agent once, it is regarded as exposure.
Single
(Active/Passive) disease surveillance is the more accurate form.
Active
When an individual is subject to an infectious agent more than once, it is regarded as exposure.
Multiple
(Active/Passive) disease surveillance occurs when the health care provider or district health officer uses available data on the disease being observed.
Passive
Looking for combinations of variables occurs (before/after) generating hypotheses when investigating an acute outbreak.
Before
________ immunity occurs when the majority of a population is vaccinated against a certain disease, allowing the entire population to be resistant to attack by the disease, including those who are not unvaccinated.
Herd
___________ is a method by which investigators can determine what agent caused an acute outbreak.
Cross-tabulation
Outbreaks of acute are popular on cruise ships.
Gastroenteritis
The (first/last) step in investigating an acute outbreak is to define the outbreak.
First
Disease is used to monitor the risk factors of a disease, including environmental, as well as changes in disease incidence and prevalence.
Surveillance
If an outbreak occurs within a group of people who were all exposed to the same entity, it is known as a ____________ exposure.
Common-vehicle
Herd immunity works best when the population (stays the same/mixes together) ________________.
Mixes together
Defining the number of cases and the affected population occurs in the (first/last) step of an acute outbreak investigation.
First
