BIOSTATS: PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

Question 1

The standard error of mean is usually (larger/smaller) than the standard deviation.

Answer 1

Smaller

Question 2

(Half/Double) of the p-value can be used to make the study one-tailed if the software used for analysis only recognizes two-tailed tests.

Answer 2

Half

Question 3

If an observation lies outside the critical region(s), then the result is statistically (significant/insignificant) .

Answer 3

Insignificant

Question 4

One-tailed tests (increase/decrease) the chance that the results will reach statistical significance at one extreme of events, but risk missing other significant data at the other extreme.

Answer 4

Increase

Question 5

The standard error of mean is (inversely/directly) proportional to the size of the sample.

Answer 5

Inversely

Question 6

If the same data is collected repeatedly from different randomized samples and their means are obtained, these means will follow a (normal/skewed) distribution.

Answer 6

Normal

Question 7

Switching from two-tailed test to one-tailed test to obtain statistical significance is called .

Answer 7

P-ing

Question 8

The confidence interval is (directly/inversely) proportional to the standard deviation.

Answer 8

Directly

Question 9

In Gaussian curves, 95% of the data lies within (number) standard deviations from the mean.

Answer 9

Two

Question 10

The confidence interval for small samples can be calculated through the .

Answer 10

Table

Question 11

Z-score can not be calculated accurately on (normal/skewed) curves.

Answer 11

Skewed

Question 12

The confidence interval is (directly/inversely) proportional to the sample size.

Answer 12

Inversely

Question 13

If the means from multiple randomized samples are represented on a curve, the mean of this curve will be (higher than/lower than/the same as) the mean of the population.

Answer 13

The same as

Question 14

The standard error of mean is (more/less) sensitive to changes in sample size than standard deviation.

Answer 14

More

Question 15

In the t table, the equals the number of values in the sample minus one.

Answer 15

Degree of freedom

Question 16

The standard error of mean measures how much the mean of a certain sample reflects the mean of the .

Answer 16

Population

Question 17

When a student’s grades lie in the 90th percentile of his peers, this means that his grades are (more than or equal/less than or equal) to 90% of his fellows.

Answer 17

More than or equal to

Question 18

The standard error of mean equals the result of dividing the by the square root of the number of subjects in the sample.

Answer 18

Standard deviation

Question 19

In a normally distributed curve, % of the data lies within one standard deviation from the mean.

Answer 19

68%

Question 20

In Gaussian curves, 99% of the data lies within (number) standard deviations from the mean.

Answer 20

Three standard deviations

Question 21

When the critical areas, representing the probability of an α error, are distributed on both sides of the curve, it is called (one-tailed/two-tailed) study.

Answer 21

Two-tailed