BIOSTATS: INTRODUCTORY Flashcards
A (reliable/valid) test is the test that gives similar results on repetition.
RELIABLE
The measures the number of standard deviations that separate a certain value from the mean.
Z score
Among all the methods of estimating the central tendency, the (mean/median/mode) is the most sensitive to outliers.
Mean
The standard deviation measures the distribution of the data around the (mean/median) .
Mean
When events are (dependent/independent) , the probability of one to happen does not affect the probability of the other occurring.
Independent
Coefficient of variation is obtained by dividing the by the mean.
standard deviation
The (mean/median/mode) of a certain set of values is the value that is most repeated.
Mode
When we say the test is (valid/precise) , this means that it measures what it is supposed to measure correctly.
Valid
When numeric data is said to be (discrete/continuous) , this means that there are no intermediary values.
Discrete
The (variance/range) is the result of subtracting the lower value of the data set from the highest value.
Range
The curves in which most of the data is distributed near the mean, are called (leptokurtic/platykurtic) curves.
Leptokurtic
The hair color of a particular population is an example of data.
Nominal
(Dependent/independent) variables are usually plotted on the x-axis in various graphs.
Independent
The height of a certain group of students is an example of data.
Ratio
When most of the data is distributed (close to/away from) the mean, it is called a platykurtic curve.
Away from
bias results from nonrandomized selection of the sample.
Selection
In negatively skewed curves, the mode is (higher/lower) than the mean.
Higher
Assessing the grade of pain on a scale from one to ten is an example of data.
Ordinal
The square root of variance is called the .
Standard deviation
mean is used to measure the rate by which the variables change over time.
Geometric
The probability of having either event X or event Y can be calculated by (adding up/subtracting) the two probabilities, assuming that X and Y are mutually exclusive.
Adding up
When the probability that two events will happen together at the same time is zero, they are called events.
Mutually exclusive
The variable that induces changes in other variables is called the (dependent/independent) variable.
Independent
Any probability must lie between zero and (value) .
One
In positively skewed curves, the mode is (higher/lower) than the mean.
Lower
Platykurtic curves have (increased/decreased) standard deviation.
Increased
When calculating the probability that two independent events will happen together, we have to (multiply/divide) the probability of the two events.
Multiply
___________ mean is the mean of a certain set of data after eliminating the extreme values.
Trimmed
The (mean/median/mode) is the middle number in a range of values after arranging them numerically.
Median
error results from the variability within the selected sample that does not reflect the variability within the general population.
Sampling
Changing sample size (increases/decreases/has no effect on) selection bias.
Has no effect on
Assessing the (mean/median/mode) is the only method for estimating the central tendency of nominal data.
Mode
In ordinal data, the difference between the values is not essentially the same, that is why the (mean/median/mode) is not usually a valid representation of the central tendency.
Mean
The (mean/median/mode) is the least affected by outliers when compared to other methods of expressing the central tendency.
Mode
When the skew of a non-Gaussian curve is toward the left, it is called a (positively/negatively) negatively skewed curve.
Negatively
data includes numeric values that do not have a true zero, thus cannot be expressed as ratios.
Interval
In a (Gaussian/non-Gaussian) curve, mean, median, and mode are all equal.
Gaussian
(Increasing/Decreasing) the sample size can eliminate sampling bias.
Increasing
Trimmed mean is especially useful in avoiding the deceiving effect of the .
Outliers
mean is used to obtain the mean of different samples and takes into consideration the size of each sample.
Weighted
A curve with two peaks is called a curve.
Bimodal
The mean is calculated by summing up all the values in the data set then (dividing/multiplying) by the number of these values.
Dividing
mean is used to estimate the mean of multiple sets of interval data.
Approximate
Categorical data includes and ordinal data.
Nominal
Leptokurtic curves have (increased/decreased) standard deviation.
Decreased
When numeric data is said to be (discrete/continuous) , this means that there are intermediary values.
Continuous
