EPIDEMIOLOGY and DISEASE TRANSMISSION Flashcards
Enumerate 5 factors that contribute to the spread of disease
- Virulence of pathogen
- Susceptibility of the population
- Lack of immunization
- Inadequate sanitation procedures
- Mode of transmission of the pathogen
These are any sites where the pathogen can multiply or
merely survive until it is transferred to the host
Reservoirs of Infections
They are the principal living reservoir of disease because many human pathogens are species-specific.
Human Reservoir
The one that harbors the pathogen but have no signs and symptoms
Carrier
___________ carrier transmits the pathogen during the incubation period
Incubatory
Carriers that transmit pathogen during convalescence or
recovery period
Convalescent Carrier
These carriers are completely recovered from disease but continue to harbor the pathogen indefinitely
Active Carriers
Type of carriers that carry the pathogen without ever having the disease
Passive Carriers
Infectious diseases that humans acquire from animal sources
Zoonoses
Name 4 ways (4 routes) a pathogen can be transmitted to a host from an animal reservoir.
Direct contact
Inhalation
Ingestion
Injection of the pathogen
___________ with an infected animal or with domestic pet waste (Route of transmission)
Direct contact
_____________ from contaminated hides, fur, feathers. (Route of transmission)
Inhalation
contaminated food and water; consumption of infected animal products (Route of transmission)
Ingestion
insect vector (Route of Transmission)
Injection of the pathogen
Fomites and air belong to what type of reservoir?
Inanimate (Non-Living) Reservoir
Air, soil, food, milk, water, and fomites are examples of what type of reservoir
Inanimate (Non-Living) Reservoir
Contaminated materials such as clothing, bedding, urinals/bedpans, eating and drinking utensils are examples of _____________
Fomites
Contaminated by dust, smoke, and respiratory secretions of humans expelled into the air by breathing, blowing, sneezing, and coughing are inanimate reservoirs found in the ______
air
MODE OF TRANSMISSION (3) enumerate
- Contact Transmission
- Vehicle Transmission
- Vector Transmission
It is the spread of an agent of disease by direct, indirect or
droplet transmission
Contact Transmission
A person to person transmission of an agent by physical contact (source to susceptible host)
Direct Contact Transmission
Type of contact transmission where no intermediate host involved i.e. touching, kissing, sexual intercourse
Direct contact transmission
Mode of contact transmission from a source to a non-living object to a susceptible host
Indirect Contact Transmission
Microbe spread in droplet nuclei that travels
only a short distance (<1 meter) i.e. coughing,
sneezing.
Droplet Transmission
What mode of transmission is involved in Laughing or talking
Droplet transmission
It is a transmission of disease agent by a medium (i.e. water, food, air, etc)
Vehicle Transmission
water contamination i.e. cholera, Shigella. What mode of transmission is mentioned?
Waterborne Transmission
Raw of poorly preserved or prepared food. What mode of transmission is mentioned?
Foodborne Transmission
Spread of agents of infection by droplet nuclei in dust that travel > 1 meter from the reservoir to the host. What mode of transmission is mentioned?
Airborne Transmission
Name 3 types of Vehicle Transmission
- Waterborne Transmission
- Foodborne Transmission
- Airborne Transmission
A mode of transmission where animals that carry
pathogens from one host to another
Vector Transmission
Ways to Control of Epidemic Disease
[RH - PPII]
• Report cases of communicable diseases to proper
agencies
• Help to treat sick person
• Public health education
• Participate in immunization program
• Identification and elimination of reservoirs of
• Isolated disease person
