Enzymes

Question 0

What are lipids made up of?

Answer 0

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 1

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 1

Long chains of amino acids

Question 2

Why are enzymes needed?

Answer 2

Without them, reactions inside the cells would be too slow to allow life to go on

Question 3

What are enzymes?

Answer 3

Biological catalyst

Question 4

What does maltase do?

Answer 4

Convert maltose into glucose

Question 5

What is a substrate?

Answer 5

The substance on which the enzyme acts

Question 6

What does amylase do?

Answer 6

Converts starch to maltose

Question 7

What does pepsin do?

Answer 7

Conveys protein into polypeptides and amino acids

Question 8

What are polypeptides?

Answer 8

Shorter chains of amino acids

Question 9

What are amino acids?

Answer 9

They are the building blocks of proteins

Question 10

What does lipase to?

Answer 10

Converts lipids into glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 11

What are the 7 properties of enzymes?

Answer 11

Always proteins
Specific for their action 
Used over and over 
Work faster at higher temps 
Denatured at high temps
Sensitive to pH
Work better over a larger surface area

Question 12

What is the lock and key theory?

Answer 12

How enzymes work - lock is active site and enzyme; key is substrate

They’re complementary

Question 13

What is denaturing?

Answer 13

At high temps the active site is irreversibly changed
It won’t work anymore
Happens at extreme pH

Question 14

What is the collision theory?

Answer 14

If molecules are moving more quickly there’s a greater chance of substrate and active site colliding
There is then a correct collision

Question 15

What is the kinetic theory

Answer 15

If higher temps, molecules will move more quickly

Question 16

What is the optimum temp?

Answer 16

The temp at which the enzyme is working fastest but not yet denatured
About 40degrees c

Question 17

What temp do enzymes usually denature?

Answer 17

About 50 degrees

Question 18

What temp does amylase denature?

Answer 18

45 c

Question 19

What temp does rennin denature?

Answer 19

45 c

Question 20

What effect does pH have on enzymes?

Answer 20

Each enzyme has its own optimum pH
Change in pH means change in shape
Most optimum pH are 7

Question 21

What is pepsins optimum pH?

Answer 21

2

Question 22

Why does pepsin work best at pH 2? (Acidic)

Answer 22

To kill bacteria in the stomach

Question 23

What effect does surface area have on enzymes?

Answer 23

Bigger surface area, enzymes work better because more chance of collision between substrate and active site

Question 24

Why is surface area important for lipids?

Answer 24

They usually form large droplets with small SA

Bile salts break the droplets down, EMULSIFICATION

Question 25

How does emulsification by bile work?

Answer 25

Turns larger oil droplets into small for a larger SA and enzymes will work faster